简单制作一个python后台管理程序

一、作业需求

三、源码与具体思路

 import shutil
import os
import sys
USER_LOGIN = {&＃39;is_login&＃39;: False}
def outer(func):     #装饰器,若没有登陆则输出“请登陆”
 def inner(*args, **kwargs):
  if USER_LOGIN[&＃39;is_login&＃39;]:
   r = func(*args, **kwargs)
   return r
  else:
   print("请登陆")
 return inner
def outer1(func):     #装饰器,若不是管理员则输出“权限不足”
 def inner1(*args, **kwargs):
  if USER_LOGIN[&＃39;user_type&＃39;] == &＃39;2&＃39;:
   r = func(*args, **kwargs)
   return r
  else:
   print("不是管理员,权限不足")
 return inner1
@outer
def change_pwd(changed_user, changed_pwd, type_user):   #修改密码
 if type_user == &＃39;1&＃39;:
  print("欢迎%s修改密码".center(50, &＃39;-&＃39;) % USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;])
  with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f1, open(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;w&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f2:
   for line in f1:
    read_list = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
    if read_list[0] == changed_user:
     read_list[1] = changed_pwd
     f2.write(&＃39;|&＃39;.join(read_list) + &＃39;\n&＃39;)
     continue
    f2.write(line)
  shutil.move(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;regist_bak&＃39;) #把regist文件复制到regist_bak文件中去
  os.rename(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;regist&＃39;) #再将regist_new改名为regist 妙妙妙！
 else:
  print("没有权限修改管理员密码")
@outer
def look_information(): #查看本用户信息
 print("欢迎%s查看信息".center(50, &＃39;-&＃39;) % USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;])
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f:
  for line in f:
   read_list = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
   if read_list[0] == USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;]:
    print("用户名:%s" % read_list[0])
    print("密码:%s" % read_list[1])
    print("邮箱:%s" % read_list[2])
    print("电话:%s" % read_list[3])
def login(user, pwd):   #登陆
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f:
  for line in f:
   read_list = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
   if read_list[0] == user and read_list[1] == pwd: #若用户存在
    USER_LOGIN[&＃39;is_login&＃39;] = True
    USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;] = user
    USER_LOGIN[&＃39;user_type&＃39;] = read_list[-1]
    print("欢迎%s登陆".center(50, &＃39;-&＃39;) % USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;])
    break
 if not USER_LOGIN[&＃39;is_login&＃39;]: #若用户还没注册
  print("用户不存在，请注册")
def register(reg_user, reg_pwd, reg_email, reg_phone): #注册
 register_list = []
 register_list.append(reg_user) #将用户信息加入列表
 register_list.append(reg_pwd)
 register_list.append(reg_email)
 register_list.append(reg_phone)
 register_list.append(&＃39;1&＃39;)
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;a&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f: #将用户信息写入文件
  li = &＃39;|&＃39;.join(register_list)
  f.write(li + &＃39;\n&＃39;)

 print("注册/添加信息:", li)
def delete_func(dele_user, type_user): #删除普通用户
 if type_user == &＃39;1&＃39;: #若删除的是普通用户
  exit_flag = False
  with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f1, open(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;w&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f2:
   for line in f1:
    ret_list = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
    if ret_list[0] == dele_user:
     exit_flag = True  #标志位原本设为False，当找到相应用户删除后，标志位设为True
     print("普通用户删除成功")
     continue
    f2.write(line)
  shutil.move(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;regist_bak&＃39;)
  os.rename(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;regist&＃39;)

  if not exit_flag:
   print("要删除普通用户不存在")
 elif type_user == &＃39;2&＃39;: #若删除的是管理员用户
  print("没有权限删除管理员帐号")
def upper_level(upper_user): #升级为管理员
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f1, open(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;w&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f2:
  for line in f1:
   li = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
   if li[0] == upper_user:
    li[-1] = &＃39;2&＃39;
    print("%s已成为管理员" % upper_user)
    f2.write(&＃39;|&＃39;.join(li) + &＃39;\n&＃39;)
    continue
   f2.write(line)
 shutil.move(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;regist_bak&＃39;)
 os.rename(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;regist&＃39;)
def search(search_info):  #简单搜索
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f:
  for line in f:
   ret_list = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
   if search_info in ret_list:
    print(ret_list)
def get_usertype(user):  #通地用户名获得用户类型，返回1或2
 with open(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;r+&＃39;, encoding=&＃39;utf-8&＃39;) as f:
  for line in f:
   li = line.strip().split(&＃39;|&＃39;)
   if li[0] == user:
    return li[-1]  #返回帐号的类型 1或2
@outer1
def admin_user():   #管理员调用
 num = input("请选择:1.修改密码;2.查看本用户信息;3.修改普通用户密码;"
    "4.删除/添加普通用户;5.权限管理;6.关键字搜索普通用户信息;7.退出:")
 if num == &＃39;1&＃39;:
  new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
  change_pwd(new_pwd)
 elif num == &＃39;2&＃39;:
  look_information()
 elif num == &＃39;3&＃39;:
  user_changed = input("请输入修改密码的用户名:")
  type_user = get_usertype(user_changed)
  new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
  change_pwd(user_changed, new_pwd, type_user)
 elif num == &＃39;4&＃39;:
  add_or_dele = input("1.删除普通用户;2.添加普通用户")
  if add_or_dele == &＃39;1&＃39;:
   delete_username = input("请输入要删除普通用户的用户名:")
   type_user = get_usertype(delete_username)
   delete_func(delete_username, type_user)
  elif add_or_dele == &＃39;2&＃39;:
   regi_username = input("请输入注册用户名:")
   regi_pwd = input("请输入注册密码:")
   regi_email = input("请输入邮箱:")
   regi_phOne= input("请输入电话:")
   register(regi_username, regi_pwd, regi_email, regi_phone)
 elif num == &＃39;5&＃39;:
  upper_user = input("请输入升级为管理员的普通用户名:")
  upper_level(upper_user)

 elif num == &＃39;6&＃39;:
  search_information = input("请输入要查找的关键字:")
  search(search_information)
 elif num == &＃39;7&＃39;:
  sys.exit()
def main():
 while True:
  choice = input("请选择:1.登陆;2.注册;3.修改密码;4.查看信息;5.后台管理;6.退出:")
  if choice == &＃39;1&＃39;:
   username = input("请输入用名名:")
   password = input("请输入密码:")
   login(username, password)
  elif choice == &＃39;2&＃39;:
   regi_username = input("请输入注册用户名:")
   regi_pwd = input("请输入注册密码:")
   regi_email = input("请输入邮箱:")
   regi_phOne= input("请输入电话:")
   register(regi_username, regi_pwd,regi_email,regi_phone)
   print("注册成功".center(50, &＃39;*&＃39;))
  elif choice == &＃39;3&＃39;:
   new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
   current_user = USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;]
   change_pwd(current_user, new_pwd)
   print("修改密码成功,请重新登陆".center(50, &＃39;-&＃39;))
   sys.exit()
  elif choice == &＃39;4&＃39;:
   look_information()
  elif choice == &＃39;5&＃39;:
   admin_user()
  elif choice == &＃39;6&＃39;:
   sys.exit()
main()

为了方便，再贴下不折叠代码

@outer1
def admin_user():   #管理员调用
 num = input("请选择:1.修改密码;2.查看本用户信息;3.修改普通用户密码;"
          "4.删除/添加普通用户;5.权限管理;6.关键字搜索普通用户信息;7.退出:")
 if num == &＃39;1&＃39;:
  new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
  change_pwd(new_pwd)
 elif num == &＃39;2&＃39;:
  look_information()
 elif num == &＃39;3&＃39;:
  user_changed = input("请输入修改密码的用户名:")
  type_user = get_usertype(user_changed)
  new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
  change_pwd(user_changed, new_pwd, type_user)
 elif num == &＃39;4&＃39;:
  add_or_dele = input("1.删除普通用户;2.添加普通用户")
  if add_or_dele == &＃39;1&＃39;:
   delete_username = input("请输入要删除普通用户的用户名:")
   type_user = get_usertype(delete_username)
   delete_func(delete_username, type_user)
  elif add_or_dele == &＃39;2&＃39;:
   regi_username = input("请输入注册用户名:")
   regi_pwd = input("请输入注册密码:")
   regi_email = input("请输入邮箱:")
   regi_phOne= input("请输入电话:")
   register(regi_username, regi_pwd, regi_email, regi_phone)
 elif num == &＃39;5&＃39;:
  upper_user = input("请输入升级为管理员的普通用户名:")
  upper_level(upper_user)

 elif num == &＃39;6&＃39;:
  search_information = input("请输入要查找的关键字:")
  search(search_information)
 elif num == &＃39;7&＃39;:
  sys.exit()
def main():

 while True:
  choice = input("请选择:1.登陆;2.注册;3.修改密码;4.查看信息;5.后台管理;6.退出:")
  if choice == &＃39;1&＃39;:
   username = input("请输入用名名:")
   password = input("请输入密码:")
   login(username, password)
  elif choice == &＃39;2&＃39;:
   regi_username = input("请输入注册用户名:")
   regi_pwd = input("请输入注册密码:")
   regi_email = input("请输入邮箱:")
   regi_phOne= input("请输入电话:")
   register(regi_username, regi_pwd,regi_email,regi_phone)
   print("注册成功".center(50, &＃39;*&＃39;))
  elif choice == &＃39;3&＃39;:
   new_pwd = input("请输入新的密码:")
   current_user = USER_LOGIN[&＃39;current_user&＃39;]
   change_pwd(current_user, new_pwd)
   print("修改密码成功,请重新登陆".center(50, &＃39;-&＃39;))
   sys.exit()
  elif choice == &＃39;4&＃39;:
   look_information()
  elif choice == &＃39;5&＃39;:
   admin_user()
  elif choice == &＃39;6&＃39;:
   sys.exit()

main()

四、坑总结

1.怎么修改密码？

当时我蒙了。因为如果用f.write(xx),是直接写在文件的最后面的。这样我想，好吧写在最后面也行。

但将已修改密码的记录加在最后一行，那又怎么把原来的删掉？又多了一个麻烦。

或者说，不加在最后一行，直接改那一行，又怎么做？

shutil.move(&＃39;regist&＃39;, &＃39;regist_bak&＃39;) 
#把regist文件复制到regist_bak文件中去
os.rename(&＃39;regist_new&＃39;, &＃39;regist&＃39;) 
#再将regist_new改名为regist   妙妙妙！

2.怎么修改用户user_type(将1改为2)

我看到有的博客有replace()方法。
new_str = line.replace(read_list[1], changed_pwd) 刚开始我也用了，但是，后来有BUG！
比如：当用户名与密码一样是，修改密码时，把密码也修改了。还不止，用replace()方法，在改
user_type时也出现把用户名等修改的现象。当时我再次蒙比。这不科学！
后来仔细看了replace()的源码才发现我错了。
也可以看看Python replace()方法

3.当我登入管理员后，添加普通用户后，发现不能再次登入管理员了。

于是我回去看register(reg_user, reg_pwd, reg_email, reg_phone)，
发现我滥用全局变量

USER_LOGIN[&＃39;user_type&＃39;] = &＃39;1&＃39;
register_list.append(USER_LOGIN[&＃39;user_type&＃39;])

原来这里我重新赋值USER_LOGIN[&＃39;user_type&＃39;] = &＃39;1&＃39;

后来为了解决这类问题，写了个get_user_type()方法

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