light动名词_动名词与高考考点解析

作者&＃xff1a;刘升

动名词是高考重要考点之一,而有关动名词的试题往往是围绕着动名词的变式:动名词的否定式、动名词的完成式、动名词的被动式和动名词的复合结构展开的。我们对于这些动名词的变式必须明察秋毫,还它们以本来面目,还要注意动名词各种变式所具有的不同特点,然后才能做到无往而不胜。下面我们先来看一下高考有关动名词的试题:

一、高考题例与解析

1. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden?

A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

2. -I must apologize for ________ ahead of time.

-That&＃39;s all right.

A. letting you not know B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not D. letting not you know

3. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

-Well, now I regret ________ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

4. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.

A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct

解析: 1. 此题考查动名词的复合结构one&＃39;s doing。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语时,可以用普通格代替所有格。第1题选C。2. 动名词的否定式是not doing..., 注意not必须放在动名词的前面,第2题选B。3. regret,remember,regret后面既可以接动词不定式to do,也可以接动名词doing,但是两者意思不一样。加to do表示"将要去做",而实际上却还没有做过,而加doing则表示"已经做过",表明这个动作已经完成。having done相当于doing,第3题选D。现在看来,当年出题时欠考虑,regret后面用动词不定式的完成式也可以表示动作的完成,因此选项C也是正确的。4. 第4题选B,表示两个动名词的并列,前面是making,后面就用correcting。

二、有关动名词各种形式的注意点

1. 动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如:

I appreciate talking with such people. 我喜欢与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2. 动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。例如:

I don&＃39;t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taken so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。

3. 动名词的否定式常把not放在动名词的前面。例如:

His not being able to pass the exam made the teacher unhappy. 他不能通过考试使老师非常生气。

4. 动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者时,动名词用被动式。

(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在其前发生。例如:

I don&＃39;t like being laughed at in public. 我不喜欢在公共场合被别人嘲笑。

(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例如:

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得奖牌。

(3)某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示动作的完成,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种习惯。例如:

Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don&＃39;t remember ever meeting you somewhere. 我记不得曾经在什么地方见过你。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给我们这么大的帮助。

(4)多数情况下,应避免使用动名词被动语态的完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。例如:

I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我忘了别人曾领我来过这个动物园。

(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。例如:

She is afraid of being shown to strangers. 她怕被介绍给陌生人。

动名词单项填空专练

作者&＃xff1a;文玉荣

1. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.

A. to have invented

B. inventing

C. to invent

D. having invented

2. Would you mind ________ your radio a little, please?

A. turn off B. turning off

C. to turn down D. turning down

3. People couldn&＃39;t help ________ the foolish emperor in the procession.

A. laugh at B. to laugh at

C. laughing at D. laughing on

4. This sentence needs ________ .

A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved

5. -What do you think of the book?

-Oh, excellent. It&＃39;s worth ________ a second time.

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

6. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.

A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch

7._______late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept

8. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

9. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, any state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.

A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made

10. We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn&＃39;t turned up yet.

A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met

11.Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up

12. Friendship is like money: easier made than________ .

A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept

13. I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

14. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

15. In some parts of London, missing a bus means_______ for another hour.

A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

16. With a lot of difficult problems ________ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

17. After much ________,the shop owner agreed to cut down the price by 20%.

A. debating B. talking C. discussing D. bargaining

18.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

-The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.

A. to solving; making B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making D. to solve; made

19. I&＃39;m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?

A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought

20. -The light in the office is still on.

-Oh, I forgot ________ .

A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off

key: 1-5 ADCCC 6-10 CADAC 11-15 BABAA 16-20 CDBBC