Laravel5单元测试-在null上调用成员函数connection()

我尝试为我User和Shop模型之间的关系创建单元测试,但是当我运行vendor\\bin\\phpunit这个错误时,我不知道这个,因为我是单元测试的新手.我试图在我的控制器上运行我的代码以查看关系是否真的有效,幸运的是它按预期工作,但在phpunit中运行时却没有.这个phpunit没有与Models一起工作,我做错了什么？

Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function connection() on null in E:\projects\try\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model.php:1013

Stack trace: E:\projects\try\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model.php(979): Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::resolveConnection(NULL)

这是我的UserTest.php

setUp();
    }

    function setUp()
    {
        $user = new User([
            'id' => 1,
            'first_name' => 'John',
            'last_name' => 'Doe',
            'email' => 'JohnDoe@example.com',
            'password' => 'secret',
            'facebook_id' => null,
            'type' => 'customer',
            'confirmation_code' => null,
            'newsletter_subscription' => 0,
            'last_online' => null,
            'telephone' => null,
            'mobile' => null,
            'social_security_id' => null,
            'address_1' => null,
            'address_2' => null,
            'city' => null,
            'zip_code' => null,
            'signed_agreement' => 0,
            'is_email_confirmed' => 0
        ]);

        $user = User::find(1);
        $shop = new Shop([
            'id' => 1,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'name' => 'PureFoods Hotdog2',
            'description' => 'Something that describes this shop',
            'url' => null,
            'currency' => 'USD'
        ]);
        $user->shops()->save($shop);

        $shop = new Shop([
            'id' => 2,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'name' => 'PureFoods Hotdog',
            'description' => 'Something that describes this shop',
            'url' => null,
            'currency' => 'USD'
        ]);

        $user->shops()->save($shop);

        $this->user = $user;

    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_has_an_id(){
        $user =  User::find(1);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $user->id);
    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_has_a_first_name(){
        $this->assertEquals("John", $this->user->first_name);
    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_can_own_multiple_shops(){
        $shops = User::find(1)->shops()->get();
        var_dump($this->shops);
        $this->assertCount(2, $shops);
    }
}

看来,这个错误是由这行代码引起的: $user->shops()->save($shop);- 这个代码在我的示例路由或Controller中运行时实际工作,但errors在运行时抛出phpunit

user.php的

hasMany('App\Shop');
    }
}

Shop.php

belongsTo('App\User');
    }
}

任何帮助将非常感谢.谢谢!

首先,在每次测试之前调用setUp(),因此不应该在构造函数中调用它

其次,您应该在setUp()中调用parent :: setUp()来初始化app实例.

例:

user = \App\User::first();
  }

   public function testExample()
   {
      $this->assertEquals('victor@castrocontreras.com', $this->user->email);
   }
}