Linux下/QtUTF8转GB2312

1.背景

项目需要用到热敏打印机&＃xff0c;控制接口为串口&＃xff08;RS232&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;运行环境为Linux&＃43;Qt。在此之前&＃xff0c;在MCU平台的实时系统&＃xff08;RT-Thread&＃xff09;上已经实现出正确的打印功能&＃xff0c;原则上把代码移植过来&＃xff0c;调整下打印位置、字体大小等即可。代码移植后&＃xff0c;运行结果是英文、数字打印正常&＃xff0c;中文打印则出现乱码。现有的配置情况是&＃xff0c;热敏打印机提供的英文、数字字库是ASII格式&＃xff0c;中文字库是GB2312格式&＃xff0c;平台控制端采用UTF-8编码格式&＃xff0c;C&＃43;&＃43;代码编写。因此基本可以确定是编码问题。

2.处理方法1——简单粗暴&＃xff0c;将文件格式由UTF-8转为ANSI&＃xff08;windows只有这个格式选项&＃xff0c;在简体中文系统下&＃xff0c;ANSI代表GB2312&＃xff09;

鉴于之前开发的项目&＃xff0c;团队成员之间或者其他电脑查阅源码工程时&＃xff0c;都会莫名其妙的乱码&＃xff0c;所以从此项目开始&＃xff0c;所有源码编码的都采用UTF-8的保存格式&＃xff08;这个可以Qt Creator中设置&＃xff09;&＃xff0c;打印内容文件也是UTF-8保存。在此之前&＃xff0c;记得上一东家同事的文件格式采用ANSI时&＃xff0c;无需作编码转换即可正常打印中文。本人也做个尝试&＃xff0c;将打印内容的文件改为ANSI格式&＃xff08;windows下用记事本打开->另存为->选择ANSI->保存&＃xff09;。结果很遗憾&＃xff0c;打印还是乱码。也许是设置或者某些细节问题&＃xff0c;这个我没有深入研究&＃xff0c;因为比较感兴趣的是编码转换问题。

结论&＃xff1a;该方法本人未能成功实现&＃xff0c;后续再深入研究&＃xff0c;欢迎大家分享经验。

3.处理方法2——iconv

iconv基于GPL公开源代码&＃xff0c;是GNU项目的一部分&＃xff0c;在各种Unix-like操作系统下很容易编译和使用&＃xff0c;从网络上也能找到大牛介绍或者利用该函数写的编码转换源码【1】。所以&＃xff0c;本人首先在Linux下&＃xff0c;用C编写程序&＃xff0c;调用该函数实现转换&＃xff0c;然后再移植到Qt下面用C&＃43;&＃43;方式实现&＃xff0c;Linux下经过测试可以正常打印。关键代码如下&＃xff1a;

保存为C源文件时&＃xff0c;必须以UTF-8的格式。

#include /* 标准输入、输出定义 */
#include /* UNIX 标准函数定义 */
#include /* 文件控制定义 */
#include /* 错误编号定义 */
#include /* POSIX 终端控制定义 */
#include /* 字符串函数定义 */
#include
#define SERIAL_PORT "/dev/ttySAC3" //ARM串口端口
#define BAUDRATE B9600 //9600bps
#define MAX_SIZE 255/** \brief 打开串行端口一* \brief 成功后返回文件描述符&＃xff0c;或是失败后返回-1*/
int code_convert(char *from_charset,char *to_charset,char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{iconv_t cd;printf("in&＃61; %s\n",inbuf);char **pin &＃61; &inbuf;char **pout &＃61; &outbuf;char *old;old &＃61; outbuf;cd &＃61; iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset);if(cd&＃61;&＃61;(iconv_t)-1){printf("iconv open failed!\n");perror("iconv_open");return -1;}memset(outbuf,0,outlen);if (iconv(cd,pin,(size_t*)&inlen,pout,(size_t*)&outlen) &＃61;&＃61; -1){printf("iconv failed!\n");perror("iconv");}iconv_close(cd);printf("out&＃61; %s\n",&outbuf);return outbuf - old;
}int gb2312_utf8(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("gb2312","utf-8",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int utf8_gb2312(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int gb2312_ucs2(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("gb2312","ucs-2",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int ucs2_gb2312(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("ucs-2","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int open_port()
{int fd; /* 端口文件描述符 */fd &＃61; open(SERIAL_PORT, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);if (fd &＃61;&＃61; -1){perror("open_port: Unable to open /dev/ttyS0 - ");}return (fd);
}void set_port(int fd)
{struct termios options;int flag;tcgetattr(fd, &options);fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0);cfsetispeed(&options, BAUDRATE);cfsetospeed(&options, BAUDRATE);options.c_cflag |&＃61; CREAD;/* Set to 8N1 */options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~PARENB;options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~CSTOPB;options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~CSIZE;options.c_cflag |&＃61; CS8; /* RAW */options.c_lflag &&＃61; ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG); options.c_oflag &&＃61; ~OPOST;/* For read data from printer */options.c_cc[VMIN] &＃61; 0;options.c_cc[VTIME] &＃61; 1; flag &＃61; tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &options);if (flag <0){perror("set_port: Setting port /dev/ttyS0 error - ");}
}
void close_port(int fd)
{close(fd);
}void print(int fd, char* sent)
{int len &＃61; strlen(sent);char ToGB2312[100] &＃61; {0x00};utf8_gb2312(sent,strlen(sent),ToGB2312,len); write(fd, &ToGB2312, strlen(ToGB2312));
}void print_line(int fd, char* sent)
{int len &＃61; strlen(sent);char ToGB2312[100] &＃61; {0x00};utf8_gb2312(sent,strlen(sent),ToGB2312,len); ToGB2312[strlen(ToGB2312)] &＃61; 0x0a;write(fd, &ToGB2312, strlen(ToGB2312));
}//走纸
void feed(int fd, int num)
{unsigned char ch_feed &＃61; 0x0a;int i;for (i&＃61;0;i}//热敏打印机条码打印&＃xff0c;输入的为数字
void barcode(int fd, char* bar)
{ char ins[3] &＃61; {0x1d, 0x6b, 0x45}; //指令和条形码类型char hex_len[1]; //条形码长度hex_len[0] &＃61; strlen(bar);char ToGB2312[50] &＃61; {0x00};char all[100] &＃61; {0x00};write(fd,&ins,strlen(ins));write(fd,&hex_len,1);utf8_gb2312(bar,strlen(bar),ToGB2312,strlen(bar)); write(fd,&ToGB2312,strlen(ToGB2312));
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int fd, i;unsigned char convert[100] &＃61; {0x00};fd &＃61; open_port();set_port(fd);print(fd,"我爱中国\x0A");print_line(fd,"&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;");print(fd,"Acuity\x0a");barcode(fd,"1234567");print_line(fd,"1234567");feed(fd,5);close_port(fd);return 0;
}printf("iconv open failed!\n");perror("iconv_open");return -1;}memset(outbuf,0,outlen);if (iconv(cd,pin,(size_t*)&inlen,pout,(size_t*)&outlen) &＃61;&＃61; -1){printf("iconv failed!\n");perror("iconv");}iconv_close(cd);printf("out&＃61; %s\n",&outbuf);return outbuf - old;
}int gb2312_utf8(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("gb2312","utf-8",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int utf8_gb2312(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int gb2312_ucs2(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("gb2312","ucs-2",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int ucs2_gb2312(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{return code_convert("ucs-2","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}int open_port()
{int fd; /* 端口文件描述符 */fd &＃61; open(SERIAL_PORT, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);if (fd &＃61;&＃61; -1){perror("open_port: Unable to open /dev/ttyS0 - ");}return (fd);
}void set_port(int fd)
{struct termios options;int flag;tcgetattr(fd, &options);fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0);cfsetispeed(&options, BAUDRATE);cfsetospeed(&options, BAUDRATE);options.c_cflag |&＃61; CREAD;/* Set to 8N1 */options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~PARENB;options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~CSTOPB;options.c_cflag &&＃61; ~CSIZE;options.c_cflag |&＃61; CS8; /* RAW */options.c_lflag &&＃61; ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG); options.c_oflag &&＃61; ~OPOST;/* For read data from printer */options.c_cc[VMIN] &＃61; 0;options.c_cc[VTIME] &＃61; 1; flag &＃61; tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &options);if (flag <0){perror("set_port: Setting port /dev/ttyS0 error - ");}
}
void close_port(int fd)
{close(fd);
}void print(int fd, char* sent)
{int len &＃61; strlen(sent);char ToGB2312[100] &＃61; {0x00};utf8_gb2312(sent,strlen(sent),ToGB2312,len); write(fd, &ToGB2312, strlen(ToGB2312));
}void print_line(int fd, char* sent)
{int len &＃61; strlen(sent);char ToGB2312[100] &＃61; {0x00};utf8_gb2312(sent,strlen(sent),ToGB2312,len); ToGB2312[strlen(ToGB2312)] &＃61; 0x0a;write(fd, &ToGB2312, strlen(ToGB2312));
}//走纸
void feed(int fd, int num)
{unsigned char ch_feed &＃61; 0x0a;int i;for (i&＃61;0;i}//热敏打印机条码打印&＃xff0c;输入的为数字
void barcode(int fd, char* bar)
{ char ins[3] &＃61; {0x1d, 0x6b, 0x45}; //指令和条形码类型char hex_len[1]; //条形码长度hex_len[0] &＃61; strlen(bar);char ToGB2312[50] &＃61; {0x00};char all[100] &＃61; {0x00};write(fd,&ins,strlen(ins));write(fd,&hex_len,1);utf8_gb2312(bar,strlen(bar),ToGB2312,strlen(bar)); write(fd,&ToGB2312,strlen(ToGB2312));
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int fd, i;unsigned char convert[100] &＃61; {0x00};fd &＃61; open_port();set_port(fd);print(fd,"我爱中国\x0A");print_line(fd,"&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;&＃61;");print(fd,"Acuity\x0a");barcode(fd,"1234567");print_line(fd,"1234567");feed(fd,5);close_port(fd);return 0;
}

插曲&＃xff1a;在Linux执行该程序时&＃xff0c;提示“invalid argument”&＃xff0c;后面通过强大的CSDN解决【2】。

4.处理方法3

将第二种方法移植&＃xff0c;修改为C&＃43;&＃43;描述&＃xff0c;并置于Qt下&＃xff0c;编译通过。但执行失败&＃xff0c;在打开&＃xff08;iconv_open&＃xff09;iconv句柄时提示“invalid argument”&＃xff0c;而此时的libc库已经更新&＃xff0c;方法2可以成功执行&＃xff0c;在Qt下为什么失败&＃xff1f;&＃xff1f;&＃xff1f;继续换方法&＃xff01;后面想想&＃xff0c;Qt应该有相关封装好的编码转换函数&＃xff0c;果不其然&＃xff0c;真的有&＃xff0c;后面就轻松实现了。关键代码如下&＃xff0c;打印内容文件依然需要保存UTF-8格式保存&＃xff0c;字符参数采用Qt QString格式&＃xff0c;或者C&＃43;&＃43;的string都可以&＃xff0c;比用C的char方便多了。

inline int UTF82GB2312(const QString &inStr,char *outbuf, int *outlen)
{QTextCodec *gbk &＃61; QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312");QTextCodec *utf8 &＃61; QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8");char *p;QByteArray byte_utf &＃61; gbk->fromUnicode(inStr);int byte_utf_size &＃61; byte_utf.size();p &＃61; byte_utf.data();while(byte_utf_size > 0){byte_utf_size --;*outbuf&＃43;&＃43; &＃61; *p&＃43;&＃43;;}*outbuf &＃61; 0;return 0;
}
//UTT-8 to GB2312
int peripherals::utf8_gb2312(char *inbuf, int inlen, char *outbuf, int outlen)
{return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen); //此方式为调用处理方法2中的函数&＃xff0c;但执行失败。
}
//UTT-8 to GB2312
int peripherals::utf8_gb2312(QString &instr, char *outbuf, int *outlen)
{return UTF82GB2312(instr,outbuf,outlen);
}//UTT-8 to GB2312
int peripherals::utf8_gb2312(QString &instr, char *outbuf, int *outlen)
{return UTF82GB2312(instr,outbuf,outlen);
}

参考&＃xff1a;

[1] http://blog.csdn.net/sealyao/article/details/5043138
[2] http://blog.csdn.net/violet089/article/details/51568667