MongoDB数据库常用命令收集

查看命令的方式：

1.在shell中运行db.listCommands()

2.在浏览器中访问管理员接口：http://ipaddress:28017/_commands

下面介绍在Mongodb中最经常使用的命令，具体如下：

命令：buildInfo

格式：{"buildInfo":1}

介绍：管理专用命令，返回Mongodb服务器的版本号和主机的操作系统。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"buildInfo":1}){ "version" : "2.0.6", "gitVersion" : "e1c0cbc25863f6356aa4e31375add7bb49fb05bc", "sysInfo" : "Linux domU-12-31-39-01-70-B4 2.6.21.7-2.fc8xen #1 SMP Fri Feb 15 12:39:36 EST 2008 i686 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_41", "versionArray" : [ 2, 0, 6, 0 ], "bits" : 32, "debug" : false, "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1}

命令：collStats

格式：{"collStats":collection}

介绍：返回指定集合的统计信息，包括数据大小、已分配的存储空间和索引的大小。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"collStats":"users"}){ "ns" : "test.users", "count" : 3, "size" : 508, "avgObjSize" : 169.33333333333334, "storageSize" : 4096, "numExtents" : 1, "nindexes" : 2, "lastExtentSize" : 4096, "paddingFactor" : 1.51, "flags" : 0, "totalIndexSize" : 16352, "indexSizes" : { "_id_" : 8176, "name_1" : 8176 }, "ok" : 1}

命令：distinct

格式：{"distinct":collection,"key":key,"query":query}

介绍：列出指定集合中满足查询条件的文档的指定键的所有不同值

示例：

> db.runCommand({"distinct":"foo","key":"name","query":{"age":{"$gt":20}}}){ "values" : [ "gongyong", "chenzhou", "yixin" ], "stats" : { "n" : 4, "nscanned" : 6, "nscannedObjects" : 6, "timems" : 50, "cursor" : "BasicCursor" }, "ok" : 1}

命令：drop

格式：{"drop":collection}

介绍：删除集合的所有数据

示例：

> db.bbb.save({"x":1,"y":2})#先往bbb中存一条记录> db.bbb.find() #查询bbb中的数据{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d919831a10b0f6e61385"), "x" : 1, "y" : 2 }#使用drop命令删除bbb集合中的数据> db.runCommand({"drop":"bbb"}){ "nIndexesWas" : 1, "msg" : "indexes dropped for collection", "ns" : "test.bbb", "ok" : 1}> db.bbb.find() #再次查询，结果为空

命令：dropDatabase

格式：{"dropDatabase":1}

介绍：删除当前数据库中的所有数据

示例：略

命令：dropIndexes

格式：{"dropIndexes":collection,"index":name}

介绍：删除集合里面名称为name的索引，如果名称为"*"，则删除全部索引。

示例：

> db.system.indexes.find(){ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "name_1" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" : "2d" }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" : 181 }> db.runCommand({"dropIndexes":"users","index":"name_1"}){ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }> db.system.indexes.find(){ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "_id_" }{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" : "2d" }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" : 181 }

命令：findAndModify

格式：

介绍：查找并修改

示例：

> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"}){ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 23 }> db.runCommand({"findAndModify":"foo",... "query":{"name":"yixin"},... "update":{"$inc":{"age":1}}}) #把name为yixin的记录中age值加1{ "lastErrorObject" : { "updatedExisting" : true, "n" : 1, "connectionId" : 2, "err" : null, "ok" : 1 }, "value" : { "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 23 }, "ok" : 1}> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"}){ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 24 }

命令：getLastError

格式：{"getLastError":1[ , "w":w[ , "wtimeout":timeout}

介绍：查看对本集合执行的最后一次操作的错误信息或者其它状态信息。在w台服务器复制集合的最后操作之前，这个命令会阻塞。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"getLastError":1}){ "n" : 0, "connectionId" : 2, "err" : null, "ok" : 1 }

命令：isMaster

格式：{"isMaster":1}

介绍：检查本服务器是主服务器还是从服务器

示例：

> db.runCommand({"isMaster":1}){ "ismaster" : true, "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 }

命令：listCommands

格式：{"listCommands":1}

介绍：返回所有可以在服务器上运行的命令及相关信息。

示例： 返回结果太多，示例就省略了

命令：listDatabases

格式：{"listDatabases":1}

介绍：管理专用命令，列出服务器上所有的数据库

示例：

> db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1}){ "errmsg" : "access denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }#报错，提示访问被拒绝，要求必须使用admin数据库> use admin #切换到admin数据库switched to db admin> db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1}){ "databases" : [ { "name" : "test", "sizeOnDisk" : 67108864, "empty" : false }, { "name" : "results", "sizeOnDisk" : 67108864, "empty" : false }, { "name" : "admin", "sizeOnDisk" : 1, "empty" : true }, { "name" : "local", "sizeOnDisk" : 1, "empty" : true } ], "totalSize" : 134217728, "ok" : 1}

命令：ping

格式：{"ping":1}

介绍：检查服务器链接是否正常。即便服务器上锁了，这条命令也会立刻返回

示例：

> db.runCommand({"ping":1}){ "ok" : 1 }

命令：renameCollection

格式：{"renameCollection":a,"to":b}

介绍：将集合a重命名为b，其中a和b都必须是完整的集合命名空间（例如"test.foo"代表test数据库中的foo集合）

示例：

> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"}){ "errmsg" : "access denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }> use adminswitched to db admin> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"}){ "errmsg" : "exception: source namespace does not exist", "code" : 10026, "ok" : 0}> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"test.foo","to":"test.foo_bak"}){ "ok" : 1 }> db.foo_bak.find()> use testswitched to db test> db.foo_bak.find(){ "_id" : ObjectId("502149203e2ff9961cc7b555"), "name" : "chenzhou" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("502149353e2ff9961cc7b556"), "age" : 23 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5021495c3e2ff9961cc7b557"), "name" : "gongyong", "age" : 26 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("50214ad63e2ff9961cc7b558"), "name" : "chenzhou", "age" : 22, "friends" : 500, "enemies" : 2 }{ "_id" : 123, "x" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 24 }

命令：repairDatabase

格式：{"repairDatabase":1}

介绍：修复并压缩当前数据库，这个操作可能非常耗时。

示例：略

命令：serverStatus

格式：{"serverStatus":1}

介绍：返回这台服务器的管理统计信息。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"serverStatus":1}){ "host" : "localhost.localdomain", "version" : "2.0.6", "process" : "mongod", "uptime" : 3661, "uptimeEstimate" : 2987, "localTime" : ISODate("2012-08-12T17:07:05.076Z"), "globalLock" : { "totalTime" : 3659420009, "lockTime" : 609397, "ratio" : 0.00016652830188971076, "currentQueue" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 }, "activeClients" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 } }, "mem" : { "bits" : 32, "resident" : 45, "virtual" : 158, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 64 }, "connections" : { "current" : 1, "available" : 818 }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform", "heap_usage_bytes" : 491848, "page_faults" : 0 }, "indexCounters" : { "btree" : { "accesses" : 1, "hits" : 1, "misses" : 0, "resets" : 0, "missRatio" : 0 } }, "backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 60, "total_ms" : 119, "average_ms" : 1.9833333333333334, "last_ms" : 0, "last_finished" : ISODate("2012-08-12T17:06:05.816Z") }, "cursors" : { "totalOpen" : 0, "clientCursors_size" : 0, "timedOut" : 0 }, "network" : { "bytesIn" : 7312, "bytesOut" : 63515, "numRequests" : 102 }, "opcounters" : { "insert" : 2, "query" : 29, "update" : 1, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 75 }, "asserts" : { "regular" : 0, "warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 1, "rollovers" : 0 }, "writeBacksQueued" : false, "ok" : 1}