DG备库无法接受主库归档日志之密码文件
实验目的：还原某个客户案例，客户审计需要，对主库sys用户进行锁定，一小时后对sys用户进行解锁后，发现备库无法接受主库的归档日志
本篇文章，测试sys用户与DG备库接受归档有什么关系？
1. 实验环境:
| 类别 |
主库 |
备库 |
| 软件版本 |
11.2.0.4.0 |
11.2.0.4.0 |
| 是否RAC |
否 |
否 |
| Db_name |
ENMO |
|
| Db_unique_name |
ENMO |
dage |
| Service_name |
ENMO |
dage |
| Listener.ora |
192.168.20.128:1521/ENMO |
192.168.20.66:1521/dage |
| Tnsnames.ora |
ENMO |
DAGE |
| log_archive_config |
ENMO,dage |
|
| Log_Archive_dest_ x=service |
SERVICE=dage lgwr ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dage |
|
| Log_desc_x |
ENABLE |
|
| Log_Archive_dest_ x=local |
|
LOCATION=/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LO GFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME =dage |
| Log_desc_x |
|
enable |
--主库操作
SYS > alter system switch logfile;
SYS@dage >select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log group by thread#;
MAX(SEQUENCE#) THREAD#
-------------- ----------
1009 1
--主库查询
SELECT THREAD#,NAME,SEQUENCE#,APPLIED,REGISTRAR,CREATOR FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE SEQUENCE#=1009
THREAD# NAME SEQUENCE# APPLIED REGISTR CREATOR
---------- ------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ------- -------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1009_960955299.log 1009 NO ARCH ARCH
1 dage 1009 NO LGWR LGWR
--备库查询
SYS@dage >SELECT THREAD#,NAME,SEQUENCE#,NAME,APPLIED,REGISTRAR,CREATOR FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE SEQUENCE#=1009;
THREAD# NAME SEQUENCE# APPLIED REGISTR CREATOR
---------- ------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ------- -------
1/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/arch1_1009_960955299.log 1009 NO RFS LGWR
解释说明：备库，当registrar=RFS且 applied=NO 代表远程归档已接受，但日志未应用。
Memory 代表内存已应用但数据文件未更新，Yes代表接受且应用完毕
2. 测试
--主库操作
SYS > select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
-------------------
2018-05-03 08:57:55
SYS > alter user sys identified by sys;
SYS > alter system switch logfile;
SYS > select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log group by thread#;
MAX(SEQUENCE#) THREAD#
-------------- ----------
1010 1
--备库查询
SYS@dage >SELECT THREAD#,NAME,SEQUENCE#,NAME,APPLIED,REGISTRAR,CREATOR FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE SEQUENCE#=1010;
THREAD# NAME SEQUENCE# APPLIED REGISTR CREATOR
---------- ------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ------- -------
1
/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/arch1_1010_960955299.log
1010 YES RFS LGWR
--主库修改sys用户密码，主备状态都不变的情况下，无异常，备库可正常接受主库的归档文件
--查询主备之间的操作系统的密码文件
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ strings orapwENMO
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
6A75B1BBE50E66AB
[oracle@dage ~]$ sqlplus sys/sys@enmo as sysdba
[oracle@dage dbs]$ strings orapwdage
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
[oracle@dage ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@dage as sysdba
--发现主库修改sys密码后，对于操作系统口令文件也会改变，但是备库即使应用了主库修改sys日志的归档日志，也并未主动修改sys密码口令，未改变
#重启主库，主库切换日志，查询备库是否存在无法接受日志的情况
--备库查询
SYS@dage >SELECT THREAD#,NAME,SEQUENCE#,NAME,APPLIED,REGISTRAR,CREATOR FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE SEQUENCE#=1016;
no rows selected
--主库查询
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
--由于本次实验操作，知道由于密码文件修改主备不一致造成的情况
--还原主库操作，恢复主备之间的连通性
--主库操作
SYS > alter user sys identified by oracle;
SYS > alter system switch logfile;
select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
System altered.
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
alter system switch logfile;
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ strings orapwENMO
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
>#.Y
8A8F025737A9097A
[oracle@dage dbs]$ strings orapwdage
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
--手工将sys用户密码口令文件传输至备库
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ scp orapwENMO 192.168.20.66:/picclife/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdage
--重置后，v$archive_dest dest_id=2无异常
--主库操作
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
--再次修改SYS用户密码，测试
SYS > alter user sys identified by sys;
--备库操作
#重启备库监听，主库切换日志，查询备库是否存在无法接受日志的情况
[oracle@dage ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@dage ~]$ lsnrctl start
--测试结果，无影响
--备库操作
#对于备库而言，外部的连接只有4个
[oracle@dage dbs]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=NO|grep -v grep
oracle 8682 1 0 15:03 ? 00:00:00 oracledage (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 8684 1 0 15:03 ? 00:00:00 oracledage (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 8696 1 0 15:03 ? 00:00:00 oracledage (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 8702 1 0 15:03 ? 00:00:00 oracledage (LOCAL=NO)
#kill 备库所有的外部连接
[oracle@dage dbs]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=NO|grep -v grep|cut -c 9-15|xargs kill -9
[oracle@dage dbs]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=NO|grep -v grep
--主库切换归档--日志无法传输过去，报错不同
alter system switch logfile
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2 ORA-03135: connection lost contact
--重置归档线程后，发现报错与之前的报错相同
--主库操作
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
--还原上述操作
SYS > alter user sys identified by oracle;
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ scp orapwENMO 192.168.20.66:/picclife/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdage
小结测试2.1
结论一：对于修改SYS用户密码而言，在主备之间数据库实例状态未改变的情况下，备库能正常接受主库的日志，但是当主备任何实例重启或者主库的归档远程进程重置，新建立的连接都会导致备库无法接受主库的归档
结论二：在明确知道sys用户密码修改后，通过alter user sys identified by 重置原密码，但是操作系统层面口令文件OrapwSID.ora文件不一致，也是白瞎，只能通过scp主库操作系统层面sys密码达到想要的效果
添加小测试：
测试备库修改操作系统口令文件与主库sys密码口令文件不一致情况会如何
--备库修改操作系统口令文件，kill主库的远程连接
--备库操作
[oracle@dage dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwdage password=abc entries=10 ignorecase=y force=y
[oracle@dage dbs]$ sqlplus sys/abc@dage as sysdba
[oracle@dage dbs]$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL=NO|grep -v grep|cut -c 9-15|xargs kill -9
--主库重置远程归档
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2 ORA-03135: connection lost contact
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
结论三、对于主备而言，只要主备操作系统口令文件不一致，且主库远程归档参数需要重新建立连接，都会得到dest_id 无法连接备库，解决方法，cp操作系统口令文件
--备库开启MRP进程
SYS@dage >recover managed standby database disconnect;
SYS@dage >select process,client_process,sequence#,status,BLOCK#,BLOCKS from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS CLIENT_P SEQUENCE# STATUS BLOCK# BLOCKS
--------- -------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
MRP0 N/A 1007 APPLYING_LOG 14740 82074
--主库对sys用户进行锁定
SYS > alter user sys account lock;
SYS > select username,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='SYS';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYS LOCKED
SYS > alter system switch logfile;
--备库重启库后--查询
SYS@dage >startup force;
SYS@dage >select username,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='SYS';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYS LOCKED
--主库操作，重置线程查询状态
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
SYS > select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
2 ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
SYS > select severity,error_code,to_char(timestamp,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "timestamp" , message from v$dataguard_status where dest_id=2;
SEVERITY ERROR_CODE timestamp MESSAGE
--------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
Error 16191 03-MAY-2018 10:10:50 PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'dage'. Error is 16191.
--主库查询归档参数
SYS > show parameter archive
log_archive_dest_2
SERVICE=dage lgwr ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dage
SYS > host tnsping dage
OK (40 msec)
--主库查询alert日志
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ tail -200f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/enmo/ENMO/trace/alert_ENMO.log
Thu May 03 10:10:50 2018
Error 1017 received logging on to the standby
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the primary and standby are using a password file
and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE,
and that the SYS password is same in the password files. -密码文件sys密码相同！！！
returning error ORA-16191 --只能作为参考
--正常途径以及无法自动主库归档传输至备库了
--一般情况下，scp操作系统口令文件就能解决问题，但是本次主备密码文件一致
[oracle@enmo dbs]$ strings orapwENMO
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
#D}r
[oracle@dage dbs]$ strings orapwdage
]\[Z
ORACLE Remote Password file
INTERNAL
AB27B53EDC5FEF41
8A8F025737A9097A
#D}r
--通过处理gap归档的方法实现上述功能，原理理论分析：主库修改了sys用户密码
--对主库sys用户进行解锁
SYS > alter user sys account unlock;
SYS > alter system switch logfile;
SYS@dage >r
1* select username,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='SYS'
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYS LOCKED
--备库sys用户状态不变，因为主库的归档文件无法传输至备库
--原理分析：主库锁定的日志传输至备库，备库sys用户被锁定，在备库重启后，主库的远程归档参数无法连接备库，无法传输归档日志，主库对sys用户的解锁操作，无法在备库应用
--
--查询主库最新的归档日志
SYS > select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log group by thread#;
MAX(SEQUENCE#) THREAD#
-------------- ----------
1032 1
select thread#,sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log
THREAD# SEQUENCE# NAME APPLIED
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1029 dage YES
1 1030 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1030_960955299.log NO
1 1030 dage YES
1 1031 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1031_960955299.log NO
1 1032 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1032_960955299.log NO
--查询备库最后接受应用的归档日志
select thread#,sequence#,name,applied from v$archived_log
THREAD# SEQUENCE# NAME APPLIED
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1030 /picclife/app/oracle/oradata/arch1_1030_960955299.log YES
--为稳妥起见：对主库1031/1032两个日志文件手工拷贝
[oracle@enmo ~]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1031_960955299.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_1032_960955299.log 192.168.20.66:/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/.
--备库注册归档日志
RMAN> catalog start with '/picclife/app/oracle/oradata/';
--备库重启后，需手工启动Mrp进程
SYS@dage >recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
--备库查询sys用户状态
SYS@dage >select username,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='SYS';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
SYS OPEN
当出现备库无法接受主库归档日志现象时：
主库查询视图：select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
select severity,error_code,to_char(timestamp,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') "timestamp" , message from v$dataguard_status where dest_id=2;
主备库alert日志文件
主库归档远程参数log_archive_dest_xxx
log_archive_dest_state_2状态
如果以上均OK，增加一个可能性，sys用户状态，及操作系统密码文件是否一致
--本篇文档主要考虑sys密码文件造成备库无法接受日志的情况，不详细介绍log_archive_dest_xx参数
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