linux系统下数据库的安装,Linux系统下MySQL5.7和8.0版本安装指南

一. 准备工作1 删除本地CentOS7中的mariadb&＃xff1a;

查看系统中是否已安装 mariadb 服务&＃xff1a;

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

或

yum list installed | grep mariadb

如果已安装则删除 mariadb及其依赖的包&＃xff1a;

yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64

关闭防火墙&＃xff1a;

firewall-cmd --state #查看防火墙状态

systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙

systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service;echo $? #查看防火墙是否开机自启

systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火墙开机启动

MySQL依赖于libaio 库&＃xff0c;安装libaio

yum search libaio

yum install libaio

2.下载安装包

mkdir /data

cd /data/

yum -y install wget

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 解压、重命名

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data

mv /data/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /data/mysql57

mkdir mysql #数据目录与安装目录分离&＃xff0c;便于以后MySQL升级二. 安装MySQL1.添加用户和组

groupadd mysql

useradd mysql -g mysql2.配置文件

/etc/my.cnf

主要参数及取值如下&＃xff1a;

(相关取值&＃xff0c;请根据实际环境做调整&＃xff0c;如内存配置参数等)#######[client] socket &＃61; /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock default-character-set&＃61;utf8mb4#loose-local-infile&＃61;0[mysqld]log_bin_trust_function_creators&＃61;1secure_file_priv&＃61;&＃39;/tmp&＃39;########dir settings########basedir &＃61; /data/mysql57datadir &＃61; /data/mysql/datapid-file &＃61; /data/mysql/data/mysql.pidsocket &＃61; /data/mysql/data/mysql.sock tmpdir &＃61; /data/mysql/tmplog-bin &＃61; /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql-binlog-error &＃61; /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.errgeneral_log_file&＃61;/data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql.genlogslow_query_log_file &＃61; /data/mysql/mysql_log/mysql_slow_new.logrelay_log &＃61; /data/mysql/mysql_log/relay.log########server setting########sql_mode &＃61; "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"server-id &＃61; 2022port &＃61; 3306character-set-server&＃61;utf8mb4collation_server&＃61;utf8mb4_unicode_cilower_case_table_names &＃61; 0skip_name_resolve &＃61; 1#max_connect_errors &＃61; 1000max_connections &＃61; 2000thread_cache_size&＃61;256#thread_stack&＃61; 262144#back_log&＃61;80max_allowed_packet &＃61; 134217728event_scheduler &＃61; 1 local-infile&＃61;0# lower_case_table_names &＃61; 1explicit_defaults_for_timestamp &＃61; 1expire_logs_days &＃61; 15log_bin_trust_function_creators &＃61;1####.frm/.ibd files qty relatedopen_files_limit&＃61;65535innodb_open_files&＃61;65535table_open_cache&＃61;65535table_definition_cache&＃61;65535#### seesion buffer relatedread_buffer_size &＃61; 262144read_rnd_buffer_size &＃61; 524288sort_buffer_size &＃61; 8388608join_buffer_size &＃61; 8388608####memory table size tmp_table_size &＃61;67108864max_heap_table_size&＃61;67108864####timeoutinteractive_timeout &＃61; 1800wait_timeout &＃61; 1800# connect_timeout&＃61;10########slow query ########slow_query_log &＃61; 1log_slow_slave_statements &＃61; 1log_queries_not_using_indexes &＃61; 1log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes &＃61; 10long_query_time &＃61; 1#min_examined_row_limit &＃61; 10000########innodb settings########innodb_buffer_pool_size &＃61; 193273528320innodb_buffer_pool_instances &＃61; 16 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct &＃61; 40innodb_lru_scan_depth &＃61; 2048innodb_page_cleaners &＃61; 16#innodb_purge_threads &＃61; 4innodb_sort_buffer_size &＃61; 67108864#innodb_file_per_table &＃61; 1#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit &＃61; 1innodb_undo_log_truncate &＃61; 1innodb_undo_tablespaces &＃61; 3 innodb_max_undo_log_size &＃61; 2147483648innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency &＃61; 128innodb_log_file_size &＃61; 1073741824innodb_log_files_in_group &＃61; 3innodb_log_buffer_size &＃61; 16777216innodb_flush_method &＃61; O_DIRECTinnodb_flush_neighbors &＃61; 0innodb_print_all_deadlocks &＃61; 1innodb_strict_mode &＃61; 1#innodb_lock_wait_timeout &＃61; 50innodb_io_capacity &＃61; 32768innodb_io_capacity_max &＃61; 65536innodb_thread_concurrency &＃61; 32innodb_write_io_threads &＃61; 8innodb_read_io_threads &＃61; 8########replication settings########master_info_repository &＃61; TABLErelay_log_info_repository &＃61; TABLEgtid_mode &＃61; onenforce_gtid_consistency &＃61; 1binlog_gtid_simple_recovery&＃61;1relay_log_recovery &＃61; 1slave-parallel-type &＃61; LOGICAL_CLOCKslave-parallel-workers &＃61; 16slave_transaction_retries&＃61;128slave_preserve_commit_order&＃61;1log_slave_updates&＃61;1binlog_format &＃61; ROWlog_timestamps&＃61;systembinlog_rows_query_log_events &＃61; 1binlog_row_image&＃61;&＃39;full&＃39; slave_skip_errors &＃61; ddl_exist_errors########semi sync replication settings##########plugin_dir&＃61;/data/mysql/plugin/#plugin_load &＃61; "rpl_semi_sync_master&＃61;semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave&＃61;semisync_slave.so"#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled &＃61; 1#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout &＃61; 5000#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled &＃61; 1[mysqldump]quick

说明&＃xff1a;

请一定记得上面 配置模板文件中的server-id 参数一定要修改。

否则在配置 主从复制&＃xff0c;或者MHA时会报错。

例如错误信息 &＃xff1a;

2018-10-09T16:13:53.205115&＃43;08:00 11 [ERROR] [MY-013117] [Repl] Slave I/O for channel &＃39;&＃39;: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server ids; these ids must be different for replication to work (or the --replicate-same-server-id option must be used on slave but this does not always make sense; please check the manual before using it). Error_code: MY-0131173. 创建目录并授权

cd /data/mysql

mkdir mysql_log

chown -R mysql.mysql mysql_log/

mkdir tmp

chown -R mysql.mysql tmp/

说明&＃xff1a;

有时候&＃xff0c;可能我们只是将MYSQL的二进制文件从其它的服务器Copy至本地。

例如我们在安装MYSQL8.0 时&＃xff0c;安装文件从其它的服务&＃xff0c;Copy到本地&＃xff0c;文件命名为mysql80。如下图&＃xff1a;

此时还需要执行以下权限&＃xff0c;所以 我手动增加了一下权限&＃xff0c;执行代码如下&＃xff1a;

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql80/bin/4.初始化MySQL/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file&＃61;/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user&＃61;mysql --basedir&＃61;/data/mysql57 --datadir&＃61;/data/mysql/data

说明&＃xff1a;

主参数--defaults-file&＃61;/etc/my.cnf必须紧接在mysqld后面&＃xff0c;如果做第二个以后的参数加入时&＃xff0c;则会出现报错&＃xff1a;

[ERROR] unknown variable &＃39;defaults-file&＃61;/etc/my.cnf&＃39;&＃xff01;

注意密码&＃xff1a;5.7初始化后会生成一个临时密码&＃xff0c;存在mysql.err

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root&＃64;localhost: XXXXXXXX

也就是root&＃64;localhost:后的字符串。5.添加到MySQL启动脚本到系统服务,并且设置开启启动cp -a /data/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

设置开机启动和检查是否成功chkconfig mysqld onchkconfig --list | grep mysqld6.创建mysql软链接至/usr/bin下ln -s /data/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin7.启动MySQL服务service mysqld start

说明&＃xff1a;

如果还是使用的Copy文件的方式&＃xff0c;例如我们前面 Copy的mysql80 二进制文件&＃xff0c; 此处就会报错&＃xff1a;

此时 还要执行以下赋权命令 &＃xff1a;

chmod -R 755 ./mysql.server (这个文件是 /data/mysql80/support-files)

和

chmod -R 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld8. 登录MySQL&＃xff0c;修改root密码mysql -uroot -pXXXXXXX mysql set password&＃61;password(&＃39;XXXXXXX2&＃39;);

说明 &＃xff1a;

MySQL 8.0 是报错的&＃xff1a;

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near &＃39;password(&＃39;XXXXX&＃39;)&＃39; at line 1

在登录MySQL&＃xff0c;修改root密码时&＃xff0c;使用就方法SET PASSWORD&＃61;PASSWORD( [新密码] ) 报错。

查看网上的相关解释为&＃xff1a;

以前版本的MySQL的密码认证插件是 mysql_native_password &＃xff0c;而现在使用的是 caching_sha2_password 。

解决方案&＃xff1a;

ALTER USER &＃39;root&＃39;&＃64;&＃39;localhost&＃39; IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY &＃39;新密码&＃39;;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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