django+mysql的使用示例

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/ref/settings/#databases

# 数据库配置 默认的数据库为sqlite
# DATABASES = {
#  'default': {
#   'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#   'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
#  }
# }
DATABASES = {
 'default': {
  'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 数据库引擎
  'NAME': 'django_mysql', # 数据库名
  'USER': 'root', # 账号
  'PASSWORD': 'root', # 密码
  'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # HOST
  'POST': 3306, # 端口

 }
}

pip3 install pymysql

"""
setting中的配置默认为sqlite3数据库 当需要修改成MySql时
并且在setting.py的同级目录的__init__.py 加入如下配置
否则会报错： Error loading MySQLdb module.
"""
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

"""
创建学生信息表模型
"""
from django.db import models

"""
 该类是用来生成数据库的 必须要继承models.Model
"""
class Student(models.Model):
 """
 创建如下几个表的字段
 """
 # 学号 primary_key=True: 该字段为主键
 studentNum = models.CharField('学号', primary_key=True, max_length=15)
 # 姓名 字符串 最大长度20
 name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=20)
 # 年龄 整数 null=False, 表示该字段不能为空
 age = models.IntegerField('年龄', null=False)
 # 性别 布尔类型 默认True: 男生 False:女生
 sex = models.BooleanField('性别', default=True)
 # 手机 unique=True 该字段唯一
 mobile = models.CharField('手机', unique=True, max_length=15)
 # 创建时间 auto_now_add：只有在新增的时候才会生效
 createTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 # 修改时间 auto_now： 添加和修改都会改变时间
 modifyTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

 # 指定表名 不指定默认APP名字——类名(app_demo_Student)
 class Meta:
  db_table = 'student'


"""
学生社团信息表
"""
class studentUnion(models.Model):
 # 自增主键, 这里不能设置default属性，负责执行save的时候就不会新增而是修改元素
 id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
 # 社团名称
 uniOnName= models.CharField('社团名称', max_length=20)
 # 社团人数
 uniOnNum= models.IntegerField('人数', default=0)
 # 社团负责人 关联Student的主键 即studentNum学号 一对一的关系,on__delete 属性在django2.0之后为必填属性后面会介绍
 uniOnRoot= models.OneToOneField(Student, on_delete=None)

 class Meta:
  db_table = 'student_union'


"""
OneToOneField： 一对一
ForeignKey: 一对多
ManyToManyField： 多对多(没有ondelete 属性)
"""

mysql> create database django_mysql;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

python3 manage.py makemigrations

python3 manage.py migrate

mysql> use django_mysql
Database changed

mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_django_mysql  |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group     |
| auth_group_permissions  |
| auth_permission   |
| auth_user     |
| auth_user_groups   |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log   |
| django_content_type  |
| django_migrations   |
| django_session    |
| student     |
| student_union    |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type  | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| studentNum | varchar(15) | NO | PRI | NULL |  |
| name  | varchar(20) | NO |  | NULL |  |
| age  | int(11)  | NO |  | NULL |  |
| sex  | tinyint(1) | NO |  | NULL |  |
| mobile  | varchar(15) | NO | UNI | NULL |  |
| createTime | datetime(6) | NO |  | NULL |  |
| modifyTime | datetime(6) | NO |  | NULL |  |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc student_union;
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field  | Type  | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)  | NO | PRI | NULL |  |
| unionName | varchar(20) | NO |  | NULL |  |
| unionNum  | int(11)  | NO |  | NULL |  |
| unionRoot_id | varchar(15) | NO | UNI | NULL |  |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

from app_demo.models import Student
import random
"""
插入测试数据
"""
def insert(request):
 # 随机整数 作为学号
 for i in range(0, 5):
  studentNum = int(random.uniform(0, 1) * 10000000000)
  # 从models文件中获取student对象
  student = Student()
  # 给对象赋值
  student.studentNum = studentNum
  student.name = 'tom' + str(i)
  student.age = 15
  student.sex = random.choice([True, False])
  student.mobile = int(random.uniform(0, 1) * 10000000000)
  # 插入数据
  student.save()

 return HttpResponse('数据插入完毕')

url(r'^insert/', views.insert)

mysql> select * from student;
+------------+------+-----+-----+------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| studentNum | name | age | sex | mobile  | createTime     | modifyTime     |
+------------+------+-----+-----+------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| 1352687635 | tom2 | 15 | 1 | 941807449 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.226856 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.227002 |
| 5554311867 | tom0 | 15 | 0 | 1598619027 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.203807 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.203960 |
| 7302510986 | tom4 | 15 | 0 | 9602601619 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.251479 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.251682 |
| 847849420 | tom3 | 15 | 0 | 195276039 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.238601 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.238928 |
| 9962892430 | tom1 | 15 | 0 | 3265013828 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.215488 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.216106 |
+------------+------+-----+-----+------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

"""
查询
"""
def find(request):
 #sql = 'select * from student'
 # django 也可以执行原生的sql语句
 #result = Student.objects.raw(sql)

 # 查询name = tom1的数据
 result = Student.objects.filter(name='tom1')
 """
 result为的对象
 需要进行数据处理
 """
 arr = []
 for i in result:
  cOntent= {'学号': i.studentNum, '姓名': i.name, '性别': i.sex}
  arr.append(content)
 print(arr)
 print(type(arr))
 return HttpResponse(arr)

"""
修改
"""
def modify(request, studentNum):
 # 通过学号获取student对象
 student = Student.objects.get(studentNum=studentNum)
 # 设置student的name为jack
 student.name = 'jack'
 student.save()
 return HttpResponse('修改成功.')
setting文件中的配置如下

url(r'^modify/(&＃63;P\d+)', views.modify),

url(r'^modify/(&＃63;P\d+)', views.modify),

mysql> select * from student where studentNum='847849420';
+------------+------+-----+-----+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| studentNum | name | age | sex | mobile | createTime     | modifyTime     |
+------------+------+-----+-----+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
| 847849420 | jack | 15 | 0 | 195276039 | 2018-11-08 09:58:40.238601 | 2018-11-08 10:22:46.403147 |
+------------+------+-----+-----+-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

"""
删除
"""
def delete(request, studentNum):
 student = Student.objects.get(studentNum=studentNum)
 student.delete()
 return HttpResponse('删除成功.')

url(r'^delete/(&＃63;P.+)', views.delete)

mysql> select * from student where studentNum='847849420';
Empty set (0.01 sec)