在SparkML中，为什么在具有百万个不同值的列上拟合StringIndexer会产生OOM错误？

驱动程序上会生成一个错误文件，其开头如下所示：

#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (mmap) failed to map 268435456 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# Possible reasons:
#   The system is out of physical RAM or swap space
#   In 32 bit mode, the process size limit was hit
# Possible solutions:
#   Reduce memory load on the system
#   Increase physical memory or swap space
#   Check if swap backing store is full
#   Use 64 bit Java on a 64 bit OS
#   Decrease Java heap size (-Xmx/-Xms)
#   Decrease number of Java threads
#   Decrease Java thread stack sizes (-Xss)
#   Set larger code cache with -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=
# This output file may be truncated or incomplete.
#
#  Out of Memory Error (os_linux.cpp:2657)

from pyspark.sql.functions import row_number
from pyspark.sql.window import Window

data = spark.read.parquet("s3://example/data-raw").select("user", "count")

uid_map = data \
    .select("user") \
    .distinct() \
    .select("user", row_number().over(Window.orderBy("user")).alias("user_idx"))

data.join(uid_map, "user", "inner").write.parquet("s3://example/data-indexed")