如何使用Mongoose使用MongoDB事务？

我正在使用MongoDB Atlas cloud（https://cloud.mongodb.com/）和Mongoose库。

我尝试使用事务处理概念创建多个文档，但是它不起作用。我没有任何错误。但是，回滚似乎无法正常工作。

app.js

//*** more code here

var app = express();

require('./models/db');

//*** more code here

模型/db.js

var mOngoose= require( 'mongoose' );

// Build the connection string
var dbURI = 'mongodb+srv://mydb:pass@cluster0-****.mongodb.net/mydb?retryWrites=true';

// Create the database connection
mongoose.connect(dbURI, {
  useCreateIndex: true,
  useNewUrlParser: true,
});

// Get Mongoose to use the global promise library
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;

型号/user.js

const mOngoose= require("mongoose");

const UserSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  userName: {
    type: String,
    required: true
  },
  pass: {
    type: String,
    select: false
  }
});

module.exports = mongoose.model("User", UserSchema, "user");

myroute.js

const db = require("mongoose");
const User = require("./models/user");

router.post("/addusers", async (req, res, next) => {

    const SESSION = await db.startSession();

    await SESSION.startTransaction();

    try {

          const newUser = new User({
            //*** data for user ***
          });
          await newUser.save();

          //*** for test purpose, trigger some error ***
          throw new Error("some error");

          await SESSION.commitTransaction();

          //*** return data 

    } catch (error) {
            await SESSION.abortTransaction();
    } finally {
            SESSION.endSession();
    }    

 });

上面的代码可以正常工作，但是仍然可以在数据库中创建用户。它假定要回滚创建的用户，并且集合应该为空。

我不知道我在这里错过了什么。谁能让我知道这是怎么回事？

应用，模型，架构和路由器位于不同的文件中。

您需要session在事务期间处于活动状态的所有读/写操作的选项中包括。只有这样，它们才能真正应用于您可以回滚它们的事务范围。

稍微完整一点的清单，只使用更经典的Order/OrderItems建模，对于具有一定关系交易经验的大多数人来说应该很熟悉：

const { Schema } = mOngoose= require('mongoose');

// URI including the name of the replicaSet connecting to
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/trandemo?replicaSet=fresh';
const opts = { useNewUrlParser: true };

// sensible defaults
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug', true);
mongoose.set('useFindAndModify', false);
mongoose.set('useCreateIndex', true);

// schema defs

const orderSchema = new Schema({
  name: String
});

const orderItemsSchema = new Schema({
  order: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Order' },
  itemName: String,
  price: Number
});

const Order = mongoose.model('Order', orderSchema);
const OrderItems = mongoose.model('OrderItems', orderItemsSchema);

// log helper

const log = data => console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2));

// main

(async function() {

  try {

    const cOnn= await mongoose.connect(uri, opts);

    // clean models
    await Promise.all(
      Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k,m]) => m.deleteMany())
    )

    let session = await conn.startSession();
    session.startTransaction();

    // Collections must exist in transactions
    await Promise.all(
      Object.entries(conn.models).map(([k,m]) => m.createCollection())
    );

    let [order, other] = await Order.insertMany([
      { name: 'Bill' },
      { name: 'Ted' }
    ], { session });

    let fred = new Order({ name: 'Fred' });
    await fred.save({ session });

    let items = await OrderItems.insertMany(
      [
        { order: order._id, itemName: 'Cheese', price: 1 },
        { order: order._id, itemName: 'Bread', price: 2 },
        { order: order._id, itemName: 'Milk', price: 3 }
      ],
      { session }
    );

    // update an item
    let result1 = await OrderItems.updateOne(
      { order: order._id, itemName: 'Milk' },
      { $inc: { price: 1 } },
      { session }
    );
    log(result1);

    // commit
    await session.commitTransaction();

    // start another
    session.startTransaction();

    // Update and abort
    let result2 = await OrderItems.findOneAndUpdate(
      { order: order._id, itemName: 'Milk' },
      { $inc: { price: 1 } },
      { 'new': true, session }
    );
    log(result2);

    await session.abortTransaction();

    /*
     * $lookup join - expect Milk to be price: 4
     *
     */

    let joined = await Order.aggregate([
      { '$match': { _id: order._id } },
      { '$lookup': {
        'from': OrderItems.collection.name,
        'foreignField': 'order',
        'localField': '_id',
        'as': 'orderitems'
      }}
    ]);
    log(joined);


  } catch(e) {
    console.error(e)
  } finally {
    mongoose.disconnect()
  }

})()

因此，我通常建议session以小写形式调用该变量，因为这是“选项”对象的键名，在所有操作中都需要它。将其保持为小写约定还允许使用诸如ES6 Object分配之类的东西：

const cOnn= await mongoose.connect(uri, opts);

...

let session = await conn.startSession();
session.startTransaction();

此外，关于交易的猫鼬文档有些误导，或者至少可以更具描述性。db在示例中，它所指的实际上是Mongoose Connection实例，而不是基础Db甚至mongoose全局导入，因为有些人可能会误解这一点。请注意，在清单和上面的摘录中，这是从mongoose.connect()代码中获取的，应保留在代码中，以便可以从共享导入中访问某些内容。

另外，您甚至可以在建立连接后的mongoose.connection任何时候通过该属性以模块化代码的形式来获取它。这在诸如服务器路由处理程序之类的东西内部通常是安全的，因为在调用代码时将建立数据库连接。

let [order, other] = await Order.insertMany([
  { name: 'Bill' },
  { name: 'Ted' }
], { session });

let fred = new Order({ name: 'Fred' });
await fred.save({ session });

// Update and abort
let result2 = await OrderItems.findOneAndUpdate(
  { order: order._id, itemName: 'Milk' },
  { $inc: { price: 1 } },
  { 'new': true, session }
);
log(result2);

await session.abortTransaction();

Mongoose: orders.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: orderitems.deleteMany({}, {})
Mongoose: orders.insertMany([ { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd, name: 'Bill', __v: 0 }, { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137de, name: 'Ted', __v: 0 } ], { session: ClientSession("80f827fe077044c8b6c0547b34605cb2") })
Mongoose: orders.insertOne({ _id: ObjectId("5bf775986c7c1a61d12137df"), name: 'Fred', __v: 0 }, { session: ClientSession("80f827fe077044c8b6c0547b34605cb2") })
Mongoose: orderitems.insertMany([ { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e0, order: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd, itemName: 'Cheese', price: 1, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e1, order: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd, itemName: 'Bread', price: 2, __v: 0 }, { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e2, order: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd, itemName: 'Milk', price: 3, __v: 0 } ], { session: ClientSession("80f827fe077044c8b6c0547b34605cb2") })
Mongoose: orderitems.updateOne({ order: ObjectId("5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd"), itemName: 'Milk' }, { '$inc': { price: 1 } }, { session: ClientSession("80f827fe077044c8b6c0547b34605cb2") })
{
  "n": 1,
  "nModified": 1,
  "opTime": {
    "ts": "6626894672394452998",
    "t": 139
  },
  "electionId": "7fffffff000000000000008b",
  "ok": 1,
  "operationTime": "6626894672394452998",
  "$clusterTime": {
    "clusterTime": "6626894672394452998",
    "signature": {
      "hash": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=",
      "keyId": 0
    }
  }
}
Mongoose: orderitems.findOneAndUpdate({ order: ObjectId("5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd"), itemName: 'Milk' }, { '$inc': { price: 1 } }, { session: ClientSession("80f827fe077044c8b6c0547b34605cb2"), upsert: false, remove: false, projection: {}, returnOriginal: false })
{
  "_id": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e2",
  "order": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd",
  "itemName": "Milk",
  "price": 5,
  "__v": 0
}
Mongoose: orders.aggregate([ { '$match': { _id: 5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd } }, { '$lookup': { from: 'orderitems', foreignField: 'order', localField: '_id', as: 'orderitems' } } ], {})
[
  {
    "_id": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd",
    "name": "Bill",
    "__v": 0,
    "orderitems": [
      {
        "_id": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e0",
        "order": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd",
        "itemName": "Cheese",
        "price": 1,
        "__v": 0
      },
      {
        "_id": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e1",
        "order": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd",
        "itemName": "Bread",
        "price": 2,
        "__v": 0
      },
      {
        "_id": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137e2",
        "order": "5bf775986c7c1a61d12137dd",
        "itemName": "Milk",
        "price": 4,
        "__v": 0
      }
    ]
  }
]