Python实现爬虫抓取与读写、追加到excel文件操作示例

import csv
import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
import xlwt
import os
from xlutils.copy import copy
import xlrd
data_infos_list = []
headers = {
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
         '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36'}
# f = open('C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\qiubaibook.csv', 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf-8')
# writer = csv.writer(f)
# writer.writerow(('author', 'sex', 'rank', 'content', 'great', 'comment', 'time'))
filename = 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\qiubaibook.xls'
def get_info(url):
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  selector = etree.HTML(res.text)
  # print(res.text)
  htmls = selector.xpath('//div[contains(@class,"article block untagged mb15")]')
  # // *[ @ id = "qiushi_tag_120024357"] / a[1] / div / span 内容
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[2]/span[1]/i 好笑
  # //*[@id="c-120024357"]/i 评论
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[1]/a[2]/h2 作者
  # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_120024357"]/div[1]/div 等级
  # // womenIcon manIcon 性别
  for html in htmls:
    author = html.xpath('div[1]/a[2]/h2/text()')
    if len(author) == 0:
      author = html.xpath('div[1]/span[2]/h2/text()')
    rank = html.xpath('div[1]/div/text()')
    sex = html.xpath('div[1]/div/@class')
    if len(sex) == 0:
      sex = '未知'
    elif 'manIcon' in sex[0]:
      sex = '男'
    elif 'womenIcon' in sex[0]:
      sex = '女'
    if len(rank) == 0:
      rank = '-1'
    cOntents= html.xpath('a[1]/div/span/text()')
    great = html.xpath('div[2]/span[1]/i/text()') # //*[@id="qiushi_tag_112746244"]/div[3]/span[1]/i
    if len(great) == 0:
      great = html.xpath('div[3]/span[1]/i/text()')
    comment = html.xpath('div[2]/span[2]/a/i/text()') # //*[@id="c-112746244"]/i
    if len(comment) == 0:
      comment = html.xpath('div[3]/span[2]/a/i/text()')
    # classes = html.xpath('a[1]/@class')
    # writer.writerow((author[0].strip(), sex, rank[0].strip(), contents[0].strip(), great[0].strip(),
    #         comment[0].strip(), time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))))
    data_infos = [author[0].strip(), sex, rank[0].strip(), contents[0].strip(), great[0].strip(),
           comment[0].strip(), time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))]
    data_infos_list.append(data_infos)
def write_data(sheet, row):
  for data_infos in data_infos_list:
    j = 0
    for data in data_infos:
      sheet.write(row, j, data)
      j += 1
    row += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
  urls = ['https://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/{}/'.format(num) for num in range(1, 14)]
  for url in urls:
    print(url)
    get_info(url)
    time.sleep(2)
  # 如果文件存在，则追加。如果文件不存在，则新建
  if os.path.exists(filename):
    # 打开excel
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename, formatting_info=True) # formatting_info=True 保留原有字体颜色等样式
    # 用 xlrd 提供的方法获得现在已有的行数
    rn = rb.sheets()[0].nrows
    # 复制excel
    wb = copy(rb)
    # 从复制的excel文件中得到第一个sheet
    sheet = wb.get_sheet(0)
    # 向sheet中写入文件
    write_data(sheet, rn)
    # 删除原先的文件
    os.remove(filename)
    # 保存
    wb.save(filename)
  else:
    header = ['author', 'sex', 'rank', 'content', 'great', 'comment', 'time']
    book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    sheet = book.add_sheet('糗百')
    # 向 excel 中写入表头
    for h in range(len(header)):
      sheet.write(0, h, header[h])
    # 向sheet中写入内容
    write_data(sheet, 1)
    book.save(filename)