部署Vista（2）——认识Windows安装和WIM格式

原文地址：http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Deploying-Vista-Part2.html

In order to understand how to deploy Windows Vista, you need to first become familiar with the deployment concepts, technologies and tools found in the Windows Automated Installation Kit (Windows AIK). In the first article of this series, I gave you a quick bird’s-eye view of what the Windows AIK is and what it contains. Starting with this article, you’ll build your understanding of important technologies such as Windows Setup and the Windows Imaging File Format (the topics of this article) and the different configuration passes of Windows Setup (the topic of my next article). Then we’ll examine how to use tools like Windows System Image Manager (Windows SIM), the Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE), the System Preparation Tool (Sysprep), ImageX, and Windows Deployment Services (Windows DS) to successfully perform deployments―plus we’ll also eventually cover how to use the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2008 (MDT 2008). But I’m getting way ahead of myself as we need to lay some groundwork first.

为了弄清楚如何部署Vista，你需要先熟悉一些部署的概念、技术及WAIK中的工具。在第一篇文章里，我大致介绍了WAIK是什么以及包含的内容。在这本篇里，你将会明白诸如Windows安装和WIM文件格式，以及Windows安装中不同的配置等重要的技术。接下来我们会检查如何使用诸如Windows 系统镜像管理器、PE、Sysprep、ImageX以及WDS等等工具来成功地部署，我们还会谈谈如何使用MDT2008.但在那之前，我们需要打好基础。

Let’s begin then with Windows Setup (Setup.exe), which is simply the program used to install Windows onto a computer. Using Windows Setup you can perform clean installations where there was no previous operating system; upgrades to previous versions of Microsoft Windows; and unattended (hands-off) installations. You can run Windows Setup directly from your Vista product DVD, from a custom-made Vista DVD together with an answer file, over the network from a distribution share, and so on.

让我们从Windows的安装文件开始，Setup.exe，一个简单的程序，用于把Windows安装到计算机上。你可以用Windows在一个没有安装过其他操作系统的计算机上安装Windows、从之前的Windows版本上升级安装、无人职守安装。你可以从Vista的DVD光盘中直接执行Setup.exe进行安装，或者在一张定制的光盘里进行应答安装，或者从网络共享上安装等等。

What’s significant and new starting with Vista is that Windows Setup now uses Image-Based Setup (IBS), a new file-based disk imaging technology that uses Windows Image (.wim) files based on the Windows Imaging (WIM) file format. A .wim file contains one or more volume images of the Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 operating system (a volume image is what you get when you capture a disk volume onto which Vista or W2k8 has already been installed) and you can perform various actions on these .wim files using tools like ImageX, Package Manager, and so on which we’ll discuss in due course.

Vista中一个重要的特点在于Windows安装现在使用基于镜像的安装(IBS)，一种新的基于磁盘镜像的文件格式WIM。一个WIM文件包含一个或多个卷的镜像，而且你可以在这些Wim文件上用ImageX、Package管理器等等之前讨论的工具来执行各种操作。

If you open your Vista DVD in Windows Explorer, you’ll find two of these .wim files present in the \Sources directory (see Figure 1):

如果你用资源管理器打开Vista的DVD，你可以发现那些WIM文件保存在\Sources目录里：

Here the boot.wim file is a default boot image while the install.wim file is (you guessed it) the default install image. Time for some terminology:

在这里Boot.wim文件是默认的引导镜像，install.wim则是默认的安装镜像：

• A boot image is an image you can use to boot a bare-metal system in order to begin the process of installing Windows onto the system.

通过引导镜像，你可以在一台裸机上进行引导，以便进行Windows的安装

• An install image is a captured image of the installed Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 operating system that can be applied onto your system.

一个Install.wim镜像则是一个已经抓取好的Vista或者2008的操作系统镜像，将这个镜像应用到硬盘上即装好系统。

Let’s make it clearer: you use the boot image to start the installation process, and once it’s running the installation process then applies the install image to the system you are installing Windows on. This explains why in Figure 1 above the install.wim file is so much bigger than the boot.wim file. Of course, both of these two images can also be customized in various ways, for example by adding drivers needed to support your system’s hardware. But I’ll get to that topic later on my series.

让我们讲得更清楚些：你可以用引导镜像来开始安装进程，一旦开始安装，就会将Install镜像应用到计算机上。这解释了为什么Install镜像远比Boot镜像大。当然，这两个文件都有很多办法进行订制，比如添加驱动程序。

This new WIM file format technology provides a several advantages over previous Windows Setup technologies, namely:

新的WIM格式提供如下优点：

• You can install Vista on any hardware (as long as it’s the right architecture i.e. x86 or x64) since .wim files are hardware-agnostic.

你可以把Vista安装到任何一种硬件上（当然构架要正确，比如X64或者X86），因为WIM问价和硬件无关

• You can service a .wim file offline, which means you can easily add drivers or updates to an image before using it to deploy Windows.

你可以离线编辑一个WIM文件，这样你可以十分轻易地在部署之前进行添加驱动和补丁等操作。

• You can have multiple operating system images within a single .wim file. For example, a retail Vista DVD can have Vista Basic, Vista Home Premium, Vista Business and Vista Ultimate all stored in a single install.wim file on the DVD (your product key determines which edition of Vista you get to install). This is possible because WIM uses file compression and single-instance storage to reduce the space needs for doing this.

你可以用单个WIM文件创建多个系统的镜像。比如一个零售版的VISTA的DVD镜像里包含有各种版本的Vista。这是因为WIM用单实例来减少存储的空间

We’ll see later in another article how to make use of these two images for deploying Vista, but let’s get back to Windows Setup and look next at the Windows Setup process and how it works. I’ll focus on clean installs instead of upgrades as most enterprises use the former when they deploy Windows onto their client computers.

我们接下来将在下一篇文章里看到如何利用这两个来部署Vista，但现在我们回到Windows安装的接下来部分。我将会着重介绍从裸机进行安装而不是升级安装，因为企业里很少有升级安装的。

Three Phases of Windows Setup

Windows安装的三个阶段

Phase 1: Windows PE phase. In this phase you configure how Windows will be installed on your system, either by manually specifying information when prompted or by automatically providing this information using one or more answer files. The information you need to specify includes things like your Language, Time and Currency format, Keyboard or Input Method, Product Key (not needed when using volume licensed media), your acceptance of the EULA, which partition you want to install Vista on, and so on. Once this information has been supplied (manually or with answer files) the Windows PE phase of Windows Setup continues by configuring your disk, copying the install.wim file to your disk, creating the files needed to make Windows boot, and processing any answer file settings in the offlineServicing configuration pass (if there are any such settings). That may seem mysterious for now, but be patient as I’ll explain how configuration passes in my next article. Anyways, once all this is done the Windows PE phase is finished and the next phase of Setup can be begin.

阶段1：Windows PE阶段。在这个阶段里你配置如何安装Windows，可以是手动指定，或者从应答文件里自动读取。你需要指定的信息包括：语言、时区及格式、键盘输入的方式、序列号、遵守EULA、分区信息等等。一旦这些信息准备好，Windows安装开始配置你的硬盘，拷贝Install.wim到硬盘上，建立引导windows需要的文件。这现在看来有些神秘，但请耐心等待，我会在下一篇文章里介绍，一旦完成了PE阶段，下个阶段就开始了。

Phase 2: Online Configuration phase. During this next phase Setup performs various configuration actions that make this new installation of Windows unique, such as creating unique Security Identifiers (SIDs) for machine and user accounts and so on.

阶段2：在线配置阶段。在这个阶段里，安装程序开始各种配置操作，使得这个Windows变得不仅仅只是一份镜像拷贝，包括创建SIDs等操作。

Phase 3: Windows Welcome phase. The third and final phase of Windows Setup performs actions that prepare the operating system for use by the user. These actions include (in the following order) processing any answer file settings in the oobeSystem configuration pass (if there are any such settings), processing the Oobe.xml answer file (if there is such a file―more about this file in another article), and launching Windows Welcome on the computer. Windows Welcome is sometimes known as the Machine Out-Of-Box-Experience (Machine OOBE) as it’s what users see when Windows first boots on their computer. As the user walks through Windows Welcome he can perform final customizations such as creating additional accounts for his computer. You can bypass Windows Welcome if you like by booting Windows into audit mode, which lets you perform additional customizations such as adding drivers and installing applications. I’ll talk more about audit mode later on when we look at the preinstallation phases for successfully deploying Windows in enterprise environments.

阶段3：Windows欢迎阶段。第三个也是最后一个阶段里，windows安装程序为最终交付进行准备。包括执行应答文件里的oobesystem配置部分，oobe.xml应答文件，以及启动Windows欢迎界面。Windows欢迎是一个非常知名的OOBE，因为这是用户在安装后进入Vista看到的第一个界面。用户可以在这个程序里进行基本的设置，包括创建账号、修改机器名称等等。如果你进入审计模式则可以跳过这个界面，这让你可以可以进行一些别的的操作，比如添加驱动安装程序。