SQL Server在2016年开始支持Linux。随着2017和2019版本的发布，它开始支持Linux和容器平台上的HA/DR、Kubernetes和大数据集群解决方案。
在本文中，我们将在3个节点的Docker容器上安装SQL Server 2019，并创建AlwaysOn可用性组。
我们的目标是使用单个配置文件快速准备好环境。因此，开发人员或测试团队可以快速执行诸如兼容性、连通性、代码功能等测试。
在本节中，我们将首先准备一个基于Ubuntu的映像，以便能够在容器上安装可用性组。然后我们将执行必要的安装。
重要提示:不建议在生产环境中执行操作。安装是在Ubuntu 18.04上执行的。
安装Docker就不介绍了，自行安装即可.
| 主机名 | IP | 端口 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sqlNode1 | 宿主机IP | 1501:1433 | 主 |
| sqlNode2 | 宿主机IP | 1502:1433 | 副本 |
| sqlNode3 | 宿主机IP | 1503:1433 | 副本 |
端口表示：外网端口：内网端口
拉取操作系统和数据库的Docker镜像，如下
docker pull ubuntu:18.04
SQL Server 2019
docker pull mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-latest
可通过docker images来查看已下载的镜像信息。
镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/_/microsoft-mssql-server
环境准备完毕后，开始正式的配置安装。
创建目录用于存放dockerfile、docker-compose.yml等文件。
mkdir /sql2019ha cd /sql2019ha touch dockerfile vi dockerfile
dockerfile内容如下
FROM ubuntu:18.04 RUN apt-get update RUN apt install sudo wget curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2 -y RUN apt install software-properties-common systemd vim -y RUN wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add - RUN add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019.list)" RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get install -y mssql-server RUN /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1 RUN /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set sqlagent.enabled true EXPOSE 1433 ENTRYPOINT /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
说明：
通过dockerfile来编译镜像，用于后面的安装，命令：docker build -t sqlag2019:ha .
其中sqlag2019为镜像名称，ha是镜像标签，.表示在当前目录下编译，因为dockerfile就在当前目录下。
以下输出是精简的，实际上输出非常多…也需要一定时间(安装一些包、数据库等)，由网速决定
$ docker build -t sqlag2019:ha . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.56kB Step 1/12 : FROM ubuntu:18.04 ---> c3c304cb4f22 Step 2/12 : RUN apt-get update ---> Running in 950e50f80f00 Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB] Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB] Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 Packages [932 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]... Step 3/12 : RUN apt install sudo wget curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2 -y ---> Running in edc9d15b2383 .. .. Step 8/12 : RUN sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server ---> Running in 43d82a503f8a Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... The following additional packages will be installed: Step 9/12 : RUN sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set hadr.hadrenabled 1 ---> Running in 166c6596d2dd SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run 'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'. Removing intermediate container 166c6596d2dd ---> bcdb057fed43 Step 10/12 : RUN sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set sqlagent.enabled true ---> Running in 22dd6a93d1ef SQL Server needs to be restarted in order to apply this setting. Please run 'systemctl restart mssql-server.service'. Removing intermediate container 22dd6a93d1ef ---> 6b90afbaf94e Step 11/12 : EXPOSE 1433 ---> Running in bcc14f3b0bad Removing intermediate container bcc14f3b0bad ---> 4aae1563aa74 Step 12/12 : ENTRYPOINT /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr ---> Running in 68b6ed45ff6a Removing intermediate container 68b6ed45ff6a ---> b7467618c371 Successfully built b7467618c371 Successfully tagged sqlag2019:ha
最后出现Successfully表示编译成功，否则根据错误信息进行解决。
现在镜像编译好了，下面再通过docker-compose文件来创建、配置3个容器，具体内容如下：
$ touch docker-compose.yml $ vi docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
db1:
container_name: sqlNode1
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode1
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1501:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode2.labl.local: "172.16.238.22"
sqlNode3.labl.local: "172.16.238.23"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.21
db2:
container_name: sqlNode2
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode2
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1502:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode1.lab.local: "172.16.238.21"
sqlNode3.lab.local: "172.16.238.23"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.22
db3:
container_name: sqlNode3
image: sqlag2019:ha
hostname: sqlNode3
domainname: lab.local
environment:
SA_PASSWORD: "MyPassWord123"
ACCEPT_EULA: "Y"
ports:
- "1503:1433"
extra_hosts:
sqlNode1.lab.local: "172.16.238.21"
sqlNode2.lab.local: "172.16.238.22"
networks:
internal:
ipv4_address: 172.16.238.23
networks:
internal:
ipam:
driver: default
config:
- subnet: 172.16.238.0/24
然后通过docker-compose up -d命令启动三个容器，其中-d表示在后台运行。
$ docker-compose up -d Creating network "sql2019hademo_internal" with the default driver Creating sqlNode2 ... Creating sqlNode1 ... Creating sqlNode2 Creating sqlNode3 ... Creating sqlNode1 Creating sqlNode2 ... done
注意：docker-compose是需要单独安装的，就是一个可执行文件。可通过apt、yum来安装。
查看容器状态
$ docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports -------------------------------------------------------------------------- sqlNode1 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1501->1433/tcp sqlNode2 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1502->1433/tcp sqlNode3 /bin/sh -c /opt/mssql/bin/ ... Up 0.0.0.0:1503->1433/tcp
至此容器已经启动完成，下面通过SSMS连接数据库进行相关检查和配置ALWAYSON。
通过宿主机的外网IP+端口连接相应的数据库，如下：
注意：IP和端口之间是逗号
可以看到数据库的图标也是Linux的图标。
这部分就是在数据库中进行相关配置，如：创建KEY加密文件，管理用户、可用组等。
主库也就是节点1，端口是1501，连接方法如上图。
我们将证书和私钥提取到/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer和/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk文件中。
我们将这些文件复制到其他节点，并根据以下文件创建主密钥和证书：执行以下脚本
USE master
GO
CREATE LOGIN dbm_login WITH PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
CREATE USER dbm_user FOR LOGIN dbm_login;
GO
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
go
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate WITH SUBJECT = 'dbm';
BACKUP CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
TO FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (
FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk',
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd'
);
GO
将文件拷贝到其他两个节点：
$ docker cp sqlNode1:/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer . $ docker cp sqlNode1:/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk . $ docker cp dbm_certificate.cer sqlNode2:/tmp/ $ docker cp dbm_certificate.pvk sqlNode2:/tmp/ $ docker cp dbm_certificate.cer sqlNode3:/tmp/ $ docker cp dbm_certificate.pvk sqlNode3:/tmp/
两个从库的端口分别是：1502和1503.然后重复主库执行的操作，如下：
CREATE LOGIN dbm_login WITH PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
CREATE USER dbm_user FOR LOGIN dbm_login;
GO
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd';
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate
AUTHORIZATION dbm_user
FROM FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (
FILE = '/tmp/dbm_certificate.pvk',
DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'MyStr0ngPa$w0rd'
);
GO
在所有节点上执行以下命令
CREATE ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint]
AS TCP (LISTENER_IP = (0.0.0.0), LISTENER_PORT = 5022)
FOR DATA_MIRRORING (
ROLE = ALL,
AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE dbm_certificate,
ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES
);
ALTER ENDPOINT [Hadr_endpoint] STATE = STARTED;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::[Hadr_endpoint] TO [dbm_login];
启用开机自启动ALWAYON，在所有节点执行以下命令
ALTER EVENT SESSION AlwaysOn_health ON SERVER WITH (STARTUP_STATE=ON); GO
可以用SSMS工具和T-SQL两种方式，下面以T-SQL为例：
运行以下脚本在主节点中创建一个可用性组。 请注意，选择CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE选项是因为它是在没有诸如Pacemaker或Windows Server故障转移群集之类的群集管理平台的情况下安装的。
如果要在Linux上安装AlwaysOn AG，则应为Pacemaker选择CLUSTER_TYPE = EXTERNAL：
CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP [AG1]
WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE)
FOR REPLICA ON
N'sqlNode1'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode1:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_COnNECTIONS= ALL)
),
N'sqlNode2'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode2:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_COnNECTIONS= ALL)
),
N'sqlNode3'
WITH (
ENDPOINT_URL = N'tcp://sqlNode3:5022',
AVAILABILITY_MODE = ASYNCHRONOUS_COMMIT,
SEEDING_MODE = AUTOMATIC,
FAILOVER_MODE = MANUAL,
SECONDARY_ROLE (ALLOW_COnNECTIONS= ALL)
);
GO
在从库中执行以下命令，将从库加入到AG组中
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] JOIN WITH (CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE); ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] GRANT CREATE ANY DATABASE; GO
至此在Docker容器中安装SQL Server Alwayson集群已经完成了！
注意：当指定CLUSTER_TYPE = NONE创建可用组时，在执行故障转移时需执行以下命令
ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] FORCE_FAILOVER_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS
在主库上创建一个数据库，并加入到可用组AG中。
CREATE DATABASE agtestdb; GO ALTER DATABASE agtestdb SET RECOVERY FULL; GO BACKUP DATABASE agtestdb TO DISK = '/var/opt/mssql/data/agtestdb.bak'; GO ALTER AVAILABILITY GROUP [ag1] ADD DATABASE [agtestdb]; GO
通过SSMS查看同步状态是否正常.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-docker&＃63;view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/quickstart-install-connect-ubuntu&＃63;view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-create-availability-group&＃63;view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-configure-mssql-conf&＃63;view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-configure-environment-variables&＃63;view=sql-server-ver15
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-availability-group-cluster-ubuntu&＃63;view=sql-server-linux-ver15
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
https://docs.docker.com/compose/
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