Django的优势不言而喻,学习优化持续进行。以用为主,不求甚解,解决现实问题,记下以备复习。
1. models.py
1) 默认值/帮助tip:default / help_text: help_text='Help Text',default='Default Text'
2) 字段别名:verbos_name,页面别名显示
checkuser = models.CharField(verbose_name='Verbos Name',help_text='Help Text',default='Default Text')
3) show current date:date.today / timezone.now
2. admin.py
1) get_queryset: 列表只显示当前用户数据(only show current user data)
# 过滤列表显示内容 querset
class DailyrecordAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):def get_queryset(self,request):qs = super(DailyrecordAdmin, self).get_queryset(request) if request.user.is_superuser:return qsreturn qs.filter(user_id=request.user)
2) 折叠fieldss:t:'classes': ('collapse',)
fieldsets = ('classes': ('collapse',),('Basic', {'classes': ('collapse',),'fields': (('drecorddate','user','dmanhour','overtime',),('project','task',),)}),)
3) 只读字段显示 : readonly_fields = ('dmanhour','drecorddate') , (list)/ [tuple]
def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):
### readonly fields as select obj or notif obj: # select object and edidself.readonly_fields = ["fields1","fields2",]else: # not select, means ne2self.readonly_fields = ["pe_user",]return self.readonly_fields### readonly fileds as user roleif request.user.is_superuser:self.readonly_fields = [] # 管理员,所有字段非只读(read only)# change_view页面显只读字段内容,add_view页面显示为 - return self.readonly_fields # show as readonly_fields setting
4) 列表action操作:actions_on_top = True / False
5) 列表查询:search_fields = ('列1','列2','列3')
6) 每页显示条目数: list_per_page = number
7) 列排序:ordering = ('列1','列2','列3')
8) 列数据筛选:
list_filter = ('列1','列2','列3') -- 页面列表右侧显示
date_hierrchy = ’日期列‘ -- 页面列表上方显示
9) 数据保存:save_on_top = True / False -- 记录添加页面顶部显示 Save 按钮
10) 列表字段可编辑:list_editable = ('列1','列2','列3')
列表字段显示超链接:list_display_links = ('列1','列2','列3') -- 默认列表第一列,链接到详细记录页面
-- 可编辑 和 超链接字段需联合使用,并且超链接字段中存在与可编辑字段不同的字段
11) inline -- 通过主外键关系建立两条数相关数据管理页面
同时也可以建立一张主键表,多张外键表,形成1对N的主、副属性关系
## models.py
class Task(models.Model):taskname = models.CharField("Task Name",max_length=150, unique=True)......class TaskDetail(models.Model):## 通过外键指向主表 task, 引用字段 tasknametask = models.ForeignKey(Task, to_field='taskname', max_length=150, on_delete=models.CASCADE)taskdetail = models.CharField(max_length=150)......## admin.py
## 定义子表 inline 引用
class TaskDetailinline(admin.TabularInline):model = TaskDetailextra = 0class TaskAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):......## 主表引用inlines = [TaskDetailinline]
12) formfield_for_foreignkey
# 定义外键字段显示
def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):if db_field.name == "field_name":kwargs["queryset"] = Foreign_Model.objects.filter(foreign_field_name=request.user) # 此处过滤使用:外键的模块 和 外键引用字段return super().formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
13)formfield_for_choice_field()
# 重写 choice 字段内容
def formfield_for_choice_field(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):if db_field.name == "choice_field_name":kwargs['choices'] = () # 初始化 choice 属性if request.user.is_superuser and db_field.name == "choice_field_name":kwargs['choices'] += (('New', 'This is new choice'),) # 新增 choice 属性return super().formfield_for_choice_field(db_field, request, **kwargs)
14)formfield_overrides
# 重写表单字段formfield_overrides = {models.TextField: {'widget': Textarea(attrs={'cols': 60, 'rows': 1})} # 此处将model中定义的text field字段默格式 40*10 重定义为 60*1}
3. Django admin页面
1) 登录页面图片显示
--> create folder static and copy PIC
--> modifiy: Lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\templates\admin\base_site.html
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), '/../static/',]
2) view 与 page参数传递:
* view通过 GET/POST方法从page获得数据
* page通过view的render方法,使用{% %} 和 {{ }}使用view中数据
3) 数据的级联选择 django-smart-selects
4)view文件中处理数据:*.objects.raw(SQLstr),生成RawQuerySet,然后进行后期数据处理
“not enough arguments for format string” -- 注意sql是否可以正确在执行且返回值,特别是模糊查询时使用“%%”替代“%”
4. 自定义页面权限设置
# set self-define authentication in view, using admin default administrationfrom django.contrib.admin.views.decorators import staff_member_requireddef new_page(request): #self define page# page data check# transfer data to front-pagereturn render(request, 'new_page.html', {page data})new_page = staff_member_required(new_page ) # set new_page accessing authentication