mysql增加了表格字段，结果表格数据体积减小了？

alter table在大部分情况下，会对原来的表生成一个临时的副本（临时表）。然后更新会进行到这个临时表里，创建一个新的表，删除原来的表。所以可以通过alter table 来优化表空间，修复操作产生的碎片空间。所以表空间变小了。我描述的可能不是很好，官方文档原话是这样子的

In most cases, ALTER TABLE makes a temporary copy of the original table. MySQL waits for other operations that are modifying the table, then proceeds. It incorporates the alteration into the copy, deletes the original table, and renames the new one. While ALTER TABLE is executing, the original table is readable by other sessions (with the exception noted shortly). Updates and writes to the table that begin after the ALTER TABLE operation begins are stalled until the new table is ready, then are automatically redirected to the new table without any failed updates. The temporary copy of the original table is created in the database directory of the new table. This can differ from the database directory of the original table for ALTER TABLE operations that rename the table to a different database.

具体官方文档链接可以参考
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/ref...

PS: 可以看文档下面的comments，有人说到

You can use Alter Table to optimise a table without locking out
selects (only writes), by altering a column to be the same as it's
current definition. This is better than using repair table which
obtains a read/write lock.

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