控制器规格的未定义方法“包含”

绝对最好对规格进行划分，以便您拥有与MVC架构的各个方面有关的规格，但是我认为控制器规格和视图规格会有一些交叉。

对于视图规范，您应该只关注视图，但是对于控制器规范，我仍然认为测试渲染正确的视图，甚至测试视图的内容是一个好主意，尽管更加深入。内容的测试应在视图规范中进行。

尽管有这篇清晰的文章https://www.relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/v/2-1/docs/controller-specs/render-views，描述了如何执行此操作，但我无法整合我的观点并控制器规格。

我不断收到错误未定义的方法“包含”！

这是我的spec_helper：

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'


require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'capybara/rails'

require 'factory_girl_rails'
require 'ap'

def set(factory)
  @user = FactoryGirl.create(factory) 
end

def sign_up(first_name, last_name, profile_name, email, password)
    visit "/"
    click_link "Register"
    fill_in('First name', with: first_name)
    fill_in('Last name', with: last_name)            
    fill_in('Profile name', with: profile_name)
    fill_in('Email', with: email)
    fill_in('Password', with: password)
    fill_in('Password confirmation', with: password)
    click_button 'Sign up'
end

def sign_in(email, password)
    visit "/"
    click_link "Sign In"
    fill_in('Email', with: email)
    fill_in('Password', with: password)
    click_button 'Sign in'
end

def sign_out
    visit "/"
    click_link "Sign Out"
end



#Webrat.configure do |config|
#  config.mode = :rails
#end

#webrat

require 'capybara/poltergeist'
# Capybara.javascript_driver = :poltergeist


Capybara.javascript_driver = :selenium


Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f }

# Checks for pending migrations before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove this line.
ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! if defined?(ActiveRecord::Migration)


RSpec.configure do |config|
  # true means 'yes, filter these specs'
  config.filter_run_excluding stress: true
 # config.current_driver = :webkit
#  config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

#  config.include Capybara::DSL


  DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation


  config.after(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end

#  config.before(:suite) do
  #  DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
 #   DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
#    DatabaseCleaner.start
 # end

 # config.after(:each) do
 #   DatabaseCleaner.clean
 # end

  #config.after(:suite) do
#   DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
#   DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  #  DatabaseCleaner.clean
 # end


  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
  # config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

  # config.include RSpec::Rails::RequestExampleGroup, type: :feature

  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
  # instead of true.
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true



  I18n.enforce_available_locales = true

  # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred
  # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of
  # rspec-rails.
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false

  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
  #     --seed 1234
  config.order = "random"
end

这是我的控制器规格：

require "spec_helper"

describe UserFriendshipsController, type: :controller do
    render_views
    let (:user_1) { FactoryGirl.create(:user_1)} 

    before { 
        sign_in user_1
        get :index
    }   

    it "renders the :index view" do
        response.should render_template(:index)
    end

    it "view contains expected html" do
        # a sanity test more than anything
        response.should contain("Welcome to the home page")
    end
end

运行此规范后，我得到以下信息：

.F

Failures:

  1) UserFriendshipsController view contains expected html
     Failure/Error: response.should contain("Listing widgets")
     NoMethodError:
       undefined method `contain' for #
     # ./spec/controllers/user_friendships_spec.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in '

Finished in 0.1835 seconds
2 examples, 1 failure

为什么会这样呢？我该如何工作？