Django:如何确保通过表单发送的输入的正确编码

 phpxiaofei 发布于 2023-02-09 19:19

我在使用Django的表单上遇到Unicode输入问题:

UnicodeEncodeError at /

'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe4' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

这种情况发生在gunicorn上,以及在调试模式下运行Django.我的form.py启用了unicode:

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django import forms
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
import datetime

class RTForm(forms.Form):
      # ... 
      institution_station = forms.CharField(max_length=75, label=u"Institute/Station*")
      # ...

视图是基于此创建的,目的是从输入构建电子邮件:

class RTview(FormView):
      template_name = 'rt-form.html'
      form_class = RTForm
      success_url = '/thanks/'

      def form_valid(self, form):
          # This method is called when valid form data has been POSTed.
          # It should return an HttpResponse.
          form.send_email()
          return super(RTview, self).form_valid(form)

send_email函数看起来像这样:

def send_email(self):

    email = EmailMessage(
                subject='New item',
                #body='Here is the message.',
                from_email=self.cleaned_data['email'],
                to=['foo@example.com'])

    # The dict fields of the form contains all defined fields incl.
    # their labels etc. So taking this we can match and check for the
    # validated data to fullfill our task.
    values = []
    for i in self.fields.iteritems():
        values.append(u"%s: \t%s" % (self[i[0]].label, str(self.cleaned_data[i[0]]) ) )

    email.body = "\n".join(values)

    email.send()

将unicode放入时institution_station,应用程序会响应上述错误,但是无法values.append()进入send_email.

回溯看起来像:

Internal Server Error: /
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/frlan/.virtualenvs/gascylinders/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 114, in get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/home/frlan/.virtualenvs/gascylinders/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 69, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/frlan/.virtualenvs/gascylinders/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 87, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/frlan/.virtualenvs/gascylinders/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/edit.py", line 171, in post
    return self.form_valid(form)
  File "/home/frlan/quellen/git/gascylinders-rt-frontend/gascylinders/rtfrontend/views.py", line 12, in form_valid
    form.send_email()
  File "/home/frlan/quellen/git/gascylinders-rt-frontend/gascylinders/rtfrontend/forms.py", line 124, in send_email
    values.append(u"%s: \t%s" % (self[i[0]].label, str(self.cleaned_data[i[0]]) ) )
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe4' in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

我可能错过了什么?

1 个回答
  • 我认为这里的问题是调用str(self.cleaned_data[i[0]]),它会从unicode值中创建一个字节串.例如u"%s" % str(u"überwach!")会失败,哪里u"%s" % unicode(u"überwach!")可以正常工作(即使unicode在这种情况下调用是多余的......)

    编辑:添加一些细节:str(u"überwach!")失败UnicodeEncodeError,因为,在引擎盖下,它调用u"überwach!".encode("ascii"),但ASCII无法处理变音符号...

    可悲的是,我无法找到的文档中描述这个beaviour(str()调用__str__一个上unicode对象,但是这是如何__str__实现的?),但更多的话题,看到了Python的Unicode指南.

    2023-02-09 19:21 回答
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