python查找指定具有相同内容文件的方法

python代码用于查找指定具有相同内容的文件，可以同时指定多个目录
调用方式：python doublesdetector.py c:\;d:\;e:\ > doubles.txt

# Hello, this script is written in Python - http://www.python.org
# doublesdetector.py 1.0p
import os, os.path, string, sys, sha
message = """
doublesdetector.py 1.0p
This script will search for files that are identical
(whatever their name/date/time).
 Syntax : python %s 
   where  is a directory or a list of directories
   separated by a semicolon (;)
Examples : python %s c:\windows
      python %s c:\;d:\;e:\ > doubles.txt
      python %s c:\program files > doubles.txt
This script is public domain. Feel free to reuse and tweak it.
The author of this script Sebastien SAUVAGE 
http://sebsauvage.net/python/
""" % ((sys.argv[0], )*4)
def fileSHA ( filepath ) :
  """ Compute SHA (Secure Hash Algorythm) of a file.
    Input : filepath : full path and name of file (eg. 'c:\windows\emm386.exe')
    Output : string : contains the hexadecimal representation of the SHA of the file.
             returns '0' if file could not be read (file not found, no read rights...)
  """
  try:
    file = open(filepath,'rb')
    digest = sha.new()
    data = file.read(65536)
    while len(data) != 0:
      digest.update(data)
      data = file.read(65536)
    file.close()
  except:
    return '0'
  else:
    return digest.hexdigest()
def detectDoubles( directories ):
  fileslist = {}
  # Group all files by size (in the fileslist dictionnary)
  for directory in directories.split(';'):
    directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
    sys.stderr.write('Scanning directory '+directory+'...')
    os.path.walk(directory,callback,fileslist)
    sys.stderr.write('\n')
  sys.stderr.write('Comparing files...')
  # Remove keys (filesize) in the dictionnary which have only 1 file
  for (filesize,listoffiles) in fileslist.items():
    if len(listoffiles) == 1:
      del fileslist[filesize]
  # Now compute SHA of files that have the same size,
  # and group files by SHA (in the filessha dictionnary)
  filessha = {}
  while len(fileslist)>0:
    (filesize,listoffiles) = fileslist.popitem()
    for filepath in listoffiles:
      sys.stderr.write('.')
      sha = fileSHA(filepath)
      if filessha.has_key(sha):
        filessha[sha].append(filepath)
      else:
        filessha[sha] = [filepath]
  if filessha.has_key('0'):
    del filessha['0']
  # Remove keys (sha) in the dictionnary which have only 1 file
  for (sha,listoffiles) in filessha.items():
    if len(listoffiles) == 1:
      del filessha[sha]
  sys.stderr.write('\n')
  return filessha
def callback(fileslist,directory,files):
  sys.stderr.write('.')
  for fileName in files:
    filepath = os.path.join(directory,fileName)
    if os.path.isfile(filepath):
      filesize = os.stat(filepath)[6]
      if fileslist.has_key(filesize):
        fileslist[filesize].append(filepath)
      else:
        fileslist[filesize] = [filepath]
if len(sys.argv)>1 :
  doubles = detectDoubles(" ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
  print 'The following files are identical:'
  print '\n'.join(["----\n%s" % '\n'.join(doubles[filesha]) for filesha in doubles.keys()])
  print '----'
else:
  print message

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。