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使用xtrabackup实现MySQL主从复制_MySQL

作者：ze602 | 来源：互联网 | 2018-04-18 00:29

环境描述主从环境项目MasterSlaveOS版本SuSE11sp1x86_64SuSE11sp1x86_64MySQL版本官方版本5537官方版本5537hostnameNDMC74NDMC7

环境描述

主从环境
项目	Master	Slave
OS版本	SuSE 11sp1 x86_64	SuSE 11sp1 x86_64
MySQL版本	官方版本5.5.37	官方版本5.5.37
hostname	NDMC74	NDMC75
IP	192.168.223.132	192.168.223.133
PORT	3306	3306
server-id	1323306	1333306
参数文件	/etc/my.cnf	/etc/my.cnf
DATADIR	/data/mysql/mysql3306/data	/data/mysql/mysql3306/data

主从库相关配置确认

（1）server-id配置

Master节点：

NDMC74:~ # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "show global variables like &＃39;server_id&＃39;;"

+---------------+---------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+---------+

| server_id | 1323306 |

+---------------+---------+

Slaver节点：

NDMC75:~ # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "show global variables like &＃39;server_id&＃39;;"

+---------------+---------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+---------+

| server_id | 1333306 |

+---------------+---------+

（2）确认binlog是否开启

NDMC74:~ # mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "show global variables like &＃39;log_bin&＃39;;"

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| log_bin | ON |

+---------------+-------+

Master上使用xtrabackup做全库备份

NDMC74:~ # innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf /data/backup/innobackupex

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.

Get the latest version of Percona XtraBackup, documentation, and help resources:

http://www.percona.com/xb/p

140731 11:20:44 innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN &＃39;dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup&＃39; (using password: NO).

140731 11:20:44 innobackupex: Connected to MySQL server

140731 11:20:44 innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server...

140731 11:20:44 innobackupex: Done.

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.

At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex

prints "completed OK!".

innobackupex: Using mysql server version 5.5.37-log

innobackupex: Created backup directory /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44

140731 11:20:44 innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup --defaults-file="/etc/my.cnf" --defaults-group="mysqld" --backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44 --tmpdir=/tmp --extra-lsndir=&＃39;/tmp&＃39;

innobackupex: Waiting for ibbackup (pid=25767) to suspend

innobackupex: Suspend file &＃39;/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/xtrabackup_suspended_2&＃39;

xtrabackup version 2.2.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.17 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().

xtrabackup: cd to /data/mysql/mysql3306/data

xtrabackup: open files limit requested 8192, set to 8192

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:

xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 268435456

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/ibdata1

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./test/tt.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/test/tt.ibd

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/warehouse.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/warehouse.ibd

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/item.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/item.ibd

[01] ...done

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] Copying ./tp50/district.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/district.ibd

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/customer.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/customer.ibd

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/history.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/history.ibd

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/new_orders.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/new_orders.ibd

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/orders.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/orders.ibd

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/order_line.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/order_line.ibd

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

[01] Copying ./tp50/stock.ibd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/tp50/stock.ibd

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

[01] ...done

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file &＃39;/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/xtrabackup_suspended_2&＃39; with pid &＃39;25767&＃39;

140731 11:22:07 innobackupex: Continuing after ibbackup has suspended

140731 11:22:07 innobackupex: Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...

140731 11:22:07 innobackupex: All tables locked and flushed to disk

140731 11:22:07 innobackupex: Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files

innobackupex: in subdirectories of &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data&＃39;

innobackupex: Backing up files &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}&＃39; (72 files)

>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

innobackupex: Backing up file &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/test/tt.frm&＃39;

innobackupex: Backing up file &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/test/v1.frm&＃39;

innobackupex: Backing up file &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/test/v2.frm&＃39;

innobackupex: Backing up file &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/test/v3.frm&＃39;

innobackupex: Backing up files &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}&＃39; (18 files)

innobackupex: Backing up files &＃39;/data/mysql/mysql3306/data/tp50/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}&＃39; (10 files)

140731 11:22:08 innobackupex: Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files

140731 11:22:08 innobackupex: Executing FLUSH ENGINE LOGS...

140731 11:22:08 innobackupex: Waiting for log copying to finish

xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): &＃39;6118588398&＃39;

xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.

.>> log scanned up to (6118588398)

xtrabackup: Creating suspend file &＃39;/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/xtrabackup_log_copied&＃39; with pid &＃39;25767&＃39;

xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (6118588398) to (6118588398) was copied.

140731 11:22:09 innobackupex: All tables unlocked

innobackupex: Backup created in directory &＃39;/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44&＃39;

innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename &＃39;mysql-bin.000009&＃39;, position 376

140731 11:22:09 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed

140731 11:22:09 innobackupex: completed OK!

NDMC74:~ #

NDMC74:/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44 # ls -l

总计 1048608

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 357 07-31 11:20 backup-my.cnf

-rw-r----- 1 root root 1073741824 07-31 11:20 ibdata1

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 07-31 11:22 mysql

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 07-31 11:22 performance_schema

drwx------ 2 root root 71 07-31 11:22 test

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 07-31 11:22 tp50

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 07-31 11:22 xtrabackup_binlog_info

-rw-r----- 1 root root 95 07-31 11:22 xtrabackup_checkpoints

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 572 07-31 11:22 xtrabackup_info

-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 07-31 11:22 xtrabackup_logfile

为了保证备份集中的数据一致，需要操作：

NDMC74:~ # innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44

This software is published under

the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.

Get the latest version of Percona XtraBackup, documentation, and help resources:

http://www.percona.com/xb/p

IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.

At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex

prints "completed OK!".

140731 11:28:16 innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup --defaults-file="/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/backup-my.cnf" --defaults-group="mysqld" --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44 --tmpdir=/tmp

xtrabackup version 2.2.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.17 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

xtrabackup: cd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44

xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.

xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=2097152, start_lsn=(6118588398)

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1

xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 2097152

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1

xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 2097152

xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.

xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)

InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M

InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

InnoDB: 5.6.17 started; log sequence number 6118588398

[notice (again)]

If you use binary log and don&＃39;t use any hack of group commit,

the binary log position seems to be:

InnoDB: Last MySQL binlog file position 0 324258362, file name ./mysql-bin.000008

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1

InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 6118588408

140731 11:28:18 innobackupex: Restarting xtrabackup with command: xtrabackup --defaults-file="/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44/backup-my.cnf" --defaults-group="mysqld" --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44 --tmpdir=/tmp

for creating ib_logfile*

xtrabackup version 2.2.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.17 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )

xtrabackup: cd to /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44

xtrabackup: This target seems to be already prepared.

xtrabackup: notice: xtrabackup_logfile was already used to &＃39;--prepare&＃39;.

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 268435456

xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:

xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend

xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./

xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 268435456

xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.

xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)

InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 100.0M

InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 256 MB

InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100 200

InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 256 MB

InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100 200

InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile2 size to 256 MB

InnoDB: Progress in MB: 100 200

InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0

InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=6118588408

InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

InnoDB: 5.6.17 started; log sequence number 6118588428

[notice (again)]

If you use binary log and don&＃39;t use any hack of group commit,

the binary log position seems to be:

InnoDB: Last MySQL binlog file position 0 324258362, file name ./mysql-bin.000008

xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1

InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 6118588438

140731 11:28:26 innobackupex: completed OK!

NDMC74:~ #

Master上创建同步账号并授权REPLICATION

mysql> CREATE USER &＃39;repl&＃39;@&＃39;192.168.223.%&＃39; IDENTIFIED BY &＃39;replpass&＃39;;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &＃39;repl&＃39;@&＃39;192.168.223.%&＃39;;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

然后在Slave上测试，看看能否使用repl用户登录Master服务器：

NDMC75:~ # mysql -h192.168.223.132 -urepl -preplpass

mysql> show grants\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Grants for repl@192.168.223.%: GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &＃39;repl&＃39;@&＃39;192.168.223.%&＃39; IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD &＃39;*D98280F03D0F78162EBDBB9C883FC01395DEA2BF&＃39;

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

将Master的全备scp到Slave主机上

NDMC74:~ # cd /data/backup/innobackupex/

NDMC74:/data/backup/innobackupex # scp -r ./2014-07-31_11-20-44 192.168.223.133:/data/backup

将Slave上的MySQL停掉，然后将Master的备份文件放到Slave的datadir目录下：

NDMC75:~ # mv /data/backup/2014-07-31_11-20-44 /data/mysql/mysql3306/data

NDMC75:~ # cd /data/mysql/mysql3306

NDMC75:/data/mysql/mysql3306 # chown -R mysql:mysql data

注意：Slave的my.cnf文件和Master的一样，只是修改一下server-id即可。

启动Slave数据库

NDMC75:~ # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

NDMC75:~ # ps -ef |grep mysqld

mysql 1293 1 1 11:50 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

root 3124 19598 0 11:51 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysqld

同时查看一下error.log文件，看看有没有错误信息。

在slave上执行change master设置主服务器复制信息

Master binlog信息从备份文件中可以获得：

NDMC74:~ # cd /data/backup/innobackupex/2014-07-31_11-20-44

NDMC74:~ # cat xtrabackup_binlog_info

mysql-bin.000009 376

mysql> change master to master_host=&＃39;192.168.223.132&＃39;, master_user=&＃39;repl&＃39;, master_password=&＃39;replpass&＃39;,master_port=3306,master_log_file=&＃39;mysql-bin.000009&＃39;,master_log_pos=376;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

在slave上启动复制

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

检查主从复制是否正常

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.223.132

Master_User: repl

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452

Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 329

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 452

Relay_Log_Space: 485

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1323306

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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本文介绍了Oracle数据库中tnsnames.ora文件的作用和配置方法。tnsnames.ora文件在数据库启动过程中会被读取，用于解析LOCAL_LISTENER，并且与侦听无关。文章还提供了配置LOCAL_LISTENER和1522端口的示例，并展示了listener.ora文件的内容。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-14 07:44:06
mysql
Spring特性实现接口多类的动态调用详解

本文详细介绍了如何使用Spring特性实现接口多类的动态调用。通过对Spring IoC容器的基础类BeanFactory和ApplicationContext的介绍，以及getBeansOfType方法的应用，解决了在实际工作中遇到的接口及多个实现类的问题。同时，文章还提到了SPI使用的不便之处，并介绍了借助ApplicationContext实现需求的方法。阅读本文，你将了解到Spring特性的实现原理和实际应用方式。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-14 03:24:19
mysql
图解redis的持久化存储机制RDB和AOF的原理和优缺点

本文通过图解的方式介绍了redis的持久化存储机制RDB和AOF的原理和优缺点。RDB是将redis内存中的数据保存为快照文件，恢复速度较快但不支持拉链式快照。AOF是将操作日志保存到磁盘，实时存储数据但恢复速度较慢。文章详细分析了两种机制的优缺点，帮助读者更好地理解redis的持久化存储策略。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-13 20:24:11
队列
计算机存储系统的层次结构及其优势

本文介绍了计算机存储系统的层次结构，包括高速缓存、主存储器和辅助存储器三个层次。通过分层存储数据可以提高程序的执行效率。计算机存储系统的层次结构将各种不同存储容量、存取速度和价格的存储器有机组合成整体，形成可寻址存储空间比主存储器空间大得多的存储整体。由于辅助存储器容量大、价格低，使得整体存储系统的平均价格降低。同时，高速缓存的存取速度可以和CPU的工作速度相匹配，进一步提高程序执行效率。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-13 17:32:41
注入
如何在服务器主机上实现文件共享的方法和工具

本文介绍了在服务器主机上实现文件共享的方法和工具，包括Linux主机和Windows主机的文件传输方式，Web运维和FTP/SFTP客户端运维两种方式，以及使用WinSCP工具将文件上传至Linux云服务器的操作方法。此外，还介绍了在迁移过程中需要安装迁移Agent并输入目的端服务器所在华为云的AK/SK，以及主机迁移服务会收集的源端服务器信息。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-13 13:23:48
注入
问题2：重新命名或者移动数据文件、日志文件到新的位置

本文讨论了在数据库打开和关闭状态下，重新命名或移动数据文件和日志文件的情况。针对性能和维护原因，需要将数据库文件移动到不同的磁盘上或重新分配到新的磁盘上的情况，以及在操作系统级别移动或重命名数据文件但未在数据库层进行重命名导致报错的情况。通过三个方面进行讨论。 ... [详细]

蜡笔小新 2023-12-13 13:02:24

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