linux下如何安装oracle11g数据库？-linux运维

linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库

1、准备：

本次安装的基本环境：vmware中安装centos6.10（虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了）

虚拟机要求：内存推荐2G以上

需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包：

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

对应的oracle版本：

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

课程推荐：《linux课程》

2、机器基础配置修改

（1）设置系统：Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release  
#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

（2）机器信息关闭，selinux，防火墙的不必要的服务

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config                         //selinux关闭（disabled）
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop                        //防火墙关闭
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.152.130   Oracle                          //新增行：IP 机器名（这是我的ip和主机名）

（3）修改用户的限制文件

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf                //在该文件内添加以下内容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

（4）修改内核参数

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下内容
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 
fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.shmall = 10523004 
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 
net.core.rmem_default=262144 
net.core.wmem_default=262144 
net.core.rmem_max=4194304 
net.core.wmem_max=1048576 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p				// 执行这条语句使配置生效

（5）依赖包安装

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立用户、组，安装目录

（1）建立用户、组

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper
[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle		//查看用户所属组
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

（2）新建安装目录

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

（3）设置并刷新环境变量

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile   //给该文件添加以下内容
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile		//执行该句使配置生效

4、安装Oracle

（1）拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

（2）切换到oracle用户，解压安装包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后得到database目录，其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为：

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l
total 76
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安装应答
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db_install.rsp      //创建数据库应答
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置

（5）修改配置文件，安装Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //备份

（6）修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下：

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v &＃39;^#&＃39; | grep -v &＃39;^$&＃39;
oracle.install.respOnseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customCompOnents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.cOntrol=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridCOntrolServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=

（7）开始静默安装

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database
[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

（8）查看安装进度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs
[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

（9）当出现以下信息时

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	1. Open a terminal window
	2. Log in  as "root"
	3. Run the scripts
	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

（10）执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。

5、配置Oracle监听

（1）运行监听文件

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

运行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
tcp        0      0 :::1521                     :::*                        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果监听没有启动，则手动启动监听器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

（2）配置Oracle数据库

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd
/var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ora11g"    //149行 SID
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码
NATIOnALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

（3）创建数据库

[oracle@Oracle ~]$  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、启动数据库

进入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file &＃39;/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora&＃39;

启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora           //定位寻找目标文件
/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目标文件
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls
init.ora.78201817526
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //将目标文件改成所需文件名

进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup                                         //启动数据库实例
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             494929912 bytes
Database Buffers          339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

**** 参考文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892

https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597