CentOS7下LNMP环境源码安装

系统：CentOS 7 x86_64
NGINX：nginx-1.7.12
数据库：mariadb-10.0.13
PHP：php-5.5.23
首先做一些准备工作，先把centos7的防火墙更换成iptables，可以参见如下链接
centos7防火墙改为iptables

修改成iptables之后就可以清空iptables里面的过滤规则了，然后再关闭selinux服务。记得不要忘了先安装gcc gcc-c++ wget net-tools等功能哦。

首先安装mariadb

应为数据库编译需要很长时间，所以我这里下载的是已经编译好了的二进制包，下载版本为 mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

1、下载二进制包到/usr/local/src 目录下：
[root@centos74 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos74 src]# wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/mariadb-10.0.13/bintar-quantal-amd64/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
2、将压缩包解压到/usr/local 目录下：
[root@centos74 src]# tar zvxf mariadb-10.0.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
3、创建mariadb 数据初始化目录/data/mysql:
[root@centos74 src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
4、添加系统用户mysql,禁止登陆系统，同时，将mariadb 数据初始化目录所属主和组都修改为mysql:
[root@centos74 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql ;chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
5、重命名解压出来的mariadb 目录：
[root@centos74 src]# mv /usr/local/mariadb-10.0.13-linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
6、进入重命名后的目录，初始化mariadb:
[root@centos74 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos74 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in &＃39;/data/mysql&＃39; ...
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
140906  2:03:19 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
........................................................................
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from
SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@skysql.com.
Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/
报错：WARNING: The host &＃39;test4&＃39; could not be looked up with resolveip.
解决办法：vim /etc/hosts 在最后一行添加192.168.1.242 test4
报错：./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法：yum -y install libaio-devel libaio
7、复制配置文件到/etc目录覆盖之前的my.cnf:
[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
8、复制mysql 启动脚本文件到/etc/init.d 目录下并重命名为mysqld:
[root@centos74 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
同时修改启动脚本的权限为755：
[root@centos74 mysql]# chmod 755 !$
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
9、编辑启动脚本，定义datadir 路径：
[root@centos74 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
定义数据存放路径：
datadir=/data/mysql
10、将mariadb自带命令放入$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/#当前有效，重启shell就失效
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/etc/init.d/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/" >>/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# source !$

11、启动mariadb:
[root@centos74 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

第二步，开始安装php

这里要先声明一下，针对Nginx的php安装和针对apache的php安装是有区别的，因为Nginx中的php是以fastcgi的方式结合nginx的，可以理解为nginx代理了php的fastcgi，而apache是把php作为自己的模块来调用的。同样的，php官方下载地址: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
下载php
[rot@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# wget http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.23.tar.gz
解压php
[root@localhost src]# tar zxf php-5.5.23.tar.gz
创建相关账户
[root@localhost src]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
配置编译参数
[root@localhost src]# cd php-5.5.23
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install gcc make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel 
[root@localhost php-5.5.23]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd  --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local --with-gettext
错误：configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
解决办法：yum -y install libxml2-devel
错误：configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in /include/curl/
解决办法：yum -y install libcurl-devel
错误：configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.
解决办法：yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel
错误：configure: error: png.h not found.
解决办法：um -y install libpng-devel
错误：configure: error: freetype-config not found.
解决办法：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
错误：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
解决办法：yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

安装php
[root@localhost  php-5.3.27]# make && make install
以上每一个步骤，如果没有完全执行正确，那么下一步是无法进行的，使用 echo $? 看结果是否为 “0” , 如果不是，就是没有执行正确。
修改配置文件
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
把如下内容写入该文件:
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
保存配置文件后，检验配置是否正确的方法为:
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t
如果出现诸如 “test is successful” 字样，说明配置没有问题。
启动php-fpm
cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
service php-fpm start
如果想让它开机启动，执行:
chkconfig php-fpm on
检测是否启动:
ps aux |grep php-fpm
看看是不是有很多个进程（大概20多个）。

安装nginx

下载nginx
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz
解压nginx
tar zxvf nginx-1.7.12.tar.gz
配置编译参数
cd nginx-1.7.12
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module  \
--with-pcre
报错：./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
解决办法：yum -y install pcre-devel
报错：./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
解决办法：yum install -y zlib-devel

编译nginx
make
安装nginx
make install

编写nginx启动脚本，并加入系统服务
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
写入如下内容:
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_COnF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"

start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
        rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

reload(){
        echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

restart(){
        stop
        start
}

configtest(){
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac

exit $RETVAL
保存后，更改?w:
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
如果想开机启动，请执行:
chkconfig nginx on
更改nginx配置
首先把原来的配置文件清空:
> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
“>” 这个符号为重定向的意思，单独用它，可以把一个文本文档快速清空。
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
写入如下内容:
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}

http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip &＃39;$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]&＃39;
    &＃39;$host "$request_uri" $status&＃39;
    &＃39;"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"&＃39;;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-Javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;

server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/nginx/html;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

}

}
保存配置后，先检验一下配置文件是否有错误存在:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -t
如果显示内容如下，则配置正确，否则需要根据错误提示修改配置文件:
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
启动nginx:
service nginx start
如果不能启动，请查看 “/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log” 文件，检查nginx是否启动:
ps aux |grep nginx
看是否有进程。

测试是否解析php文件

创建测试文件:
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/2.php
内容如下:

测试:
[root@localhost nginx]# curl localhost/2.php
或者使用浏览器打开http://YourServerIPAddress/2.php

重要：如果解析不了，检查日志发现连接不到php，我的php版本为5.5.23，比较新的版本，需要在php/etc/php-fpm.conf文件中添加
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
这两行，再重启一下服务就能使用php了
原因是/tmp/php-fcgi.sock这个文件没有读权限
至此，最新版的LNMP环境源码编译安装完成。